Quantum Error Correction-like Noise Mitigation for Wave-like Dark Matter Searches with Quantum Sensors

Abstract

We propose a quantum error correction-like noise mitigation protocol for enhancing the sensitivity of wave-like dark matter searches with quantum sensors. Our protocol uses multiple sensors to mitigate the noise affecting each sensor individually, allowing for the suppression of excitation noise that is parallel to the dark matter signal. We demonstrate that our protocol can improve the sensitivity to dark matter signals by a factor of $\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the number of sensors used, for small $N$. Furthermore, for sufficiently large $N$, we find that our protocol achieves the same performance as the standard quantum limit by the ideal measurement, which non-entangled sensors with parallel noise cannot reach due to the unknown phase of the dark matter field. Our work can be widely applied to various types of signals with unknown phases, and has the potential to enhance the sensitivity of quantum sensors such as arrays of resonant cavities.