Three-Photon Saturable Absorption in Atomically Thin Phlogopite

Nabarun Mandal; Sagnik Chakraborty; Ranjeet Singh; Jhionathan de Lima; Saswata Goswami; Binay Bhushan; Rahul Rao; Nicholas R. Glavin; Ajit K. Roy; Vidya Kochat; Cristiano Francisco Woellner; Prasanta Kumar Datta; Chandra Sekhar Tiwary

arXiv · 2511.12115

Three-Photon Saturable Absorption in Atomically Thin Phlogopite

Nabarun Mandal·Sagnik Chakraborty·Ranjeet Singh·Jhionathan de Lima·Saswata Goswami·Binay Bhushan·Rahul Rao·Nicholas R. Glavin·Ajit K. Roy·Vidya Kochat·Cristiano Francisco Woellner·Prasanta Kumar Datta·Chandra Sekhar Tiwary

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Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, due to their remarkable physical and chemical properties, hold significant potential for future optical and electrical applications. In this study, the synthesis of 2D phlogopite (magnesium-rich mica) via liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is reported using an efficient and scalable procedure. XRD structural analysis revealed a preferential orientation along the (033) plane, whereas AFM and SEM demonstrated a nanoscale thickness and homogeneous morphology. Optical characterisation by UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy shows tuneable band gaps up to 4.52 eV for the exfoliated 2D phlogopite and distinct vibrational modes indicative of structural evolution. At intense laser conditions, three-photon saturable absorption (3PSA) behaviour was evidenced by light-modulated electrical property studies, which emphasise the potential for optical limiting, switching, and mode-locking applications. The present investigation indicates 2D phlogopite as a versatile material for next-generation optoelectronic devices of high-intensity light modulation.

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Nabarun Mandal, Sagnik Chakraborty, Ranjeet Singh, Jhionathan de Lima, Saswata Goswami, Binay Bhushan, Rahul Rao, Nicholas R. Glavin, Ajit K. Roy, Vidya Kochat, Cristiano Francisco Woellner, Prasanta Kumar Datta, Chandra Sekhar Tiwary. 2025-11-15. Three-Photon Saturable Absorption in Atomically Thin Phlogopite. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12115

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