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arXiv · 2512.00490

Cooperative Safety Intelligence over V2X Networks: A Survey

Jiaxun Zhang·Qian Xu·Zhenning Li·Yuan Wu·Chengzhong Xu·Keqiang Li
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Abstract

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) cooperation is reshaping traffic safety from an ego-centric sensing problem into a networked intelligence problem involving distributed sensing, cooperative perception, and coordinated decision-making. This survey reviews recent progress in V2X-enabled cooperative safety intelligence through a unified Sensor-Perception-Decision (SPD) framework, which characterizes how distributed observations are exchanged, fused, calibrated, and transformed into safety-ready evidence for risk-aware intervention. Within this framework, V2X networking conditions, multi-modal sensing, cooperative perception, and decision-making are analyzed as coupled components of a safety-intelligence pipeline. Cross-layer communication and networking constraints, including latency, synchronization, bandwidth, packet or feature loss, reliability, trust, and PQoS, are explicitly considered to assess whether shared evidence remains timely, robust, and actionable. Compared with prior V2X safety surveys, this work organizes the literature around a formal SPD safety loop and synthesizes representative methods, datasets, benchmarks, and platforms under communication-aware constraints from 2017 to 2026. It further examines semantic and task-oriented evidence exchange, bandwidth-efficient cooperative perception, ISAC-enabled V2X systems, safety-ready outputs, and evaluation practices under practical conditions such as delayed or lossy messages, pose misalignment, NLOS coverage, and heterogeneous deployment. The survey concludes with a roadmap toward scalable data infrastructure, PQoS-aware evaluation, embodied predictive intelligence, and trustworthy human-in-the-loop cooperation for next-generation V2X safety systems.

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Jiaxun Zhang, Qian Xu, Zhenning Li, Yuan Wu, Chengzhong Xu, Keqiang Li. 2025-11-29. Cooperative Safety Intelligence over V2X Networks: A Survey. https://doi.org/10.1109/comst.2026.3723946

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