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arXiv · 2512.03529

Multi-probe analysis of strong-field effects in $f(Q)$ gravity

Mohsen Khodadi·Behnam Pourhassan·Emmanuel N. Saridakis
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Abstract

Covariant $f(Q)$ gravity is a viable extension of General Relativity, however its strong-field predictions remain largely untested. Using the static, spherically symmetric black-hole solutions of the theory, we confront it with the most stringent probes available: black-hole shadows, Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) measurements, S2-star precession, and strong gravitational lensing. We show that the two admissible solution branches behave very differently: Case~I produces negligible deviations from Schwarzschild solution, whereas Case~II yields significant, potentially observable corrections to the photon sphere and shadow size. From the EHT shadow diameters of M87* and Sgr~A*, we obtain tight bounds, which are further strengthened by strong-lensing coefficients. These results provide the sharpest strong-field constraints on covariant $f(Q)$ gravity to date, and point toward future tests using next-generation horizon-scale imaging and precision Galactic-center astrometry.

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Mohsen Khodadi, Behnam Pourhassan, Emmanuel N. Saridakis. 2025-12-03. Multi-probe analysis of strong-field effects in $f(Q)$ gravity. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.03529

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