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arXiv · 2512.10410

Entanglement in C$^*$-algebras: tensor products of state spaces

Magdalena Musat·Mikael Rørdam
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Abstract

We analyze the Namioka-Phelps minimal and maximal tensor products of compact convex sets which arise as the state spaces of unital C$^*$-algebras. Relatedly, we study entanglement in (infinite dimensional) C$^*$-algebras. While the minimal Namioka-Phelps tensor product of the state spaces of two C$^*$-algebras is the well-known set of separable (= un-entangled) states on the (minimal) tensor product of the C$^*$-algebras, we also describe the more elusive maximal Namioka-Phelps tensor product of state spaces of C$^*$-algebras. We show that the minimal and maximal tensor products of state spaces of C$^*$-algebras agree precisely when one of the two C$^*$-algebras is commutative, which confirms Barker's conjecture in the case where the compact convex sets are state paces of C$^*$-algebras. Further, the Namioka-Phelps tensor product of the trace simplexes of two or more unital C$^*$-algebras is shown to be the trace simplex of the (minimal or maximal) tensor product of the C$^*$-algebras. This enables a systematic way of determining the trace simplex of a tensor product of C$^*$-algebras.

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Magdalena Musat, Mikael Rørdam. 2025-12-11. Entanglement in C$^*$-algebras: tensor products of state spaces. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10410

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