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arXiv · 2512.15552

Automated Lexical Coverage for Language Learning: From General to Specialized Word Lists

Dakota Ellis·Samy Babikerali·Wanshan Chen·Bao Dinh·Uyen Le
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Abstract

A General Service List (GSL) is a commonly used resource for language learners to identify important English words. Traditional GSL creation is resource-intensive, relying on linguistic expertise and subjective input. We created our own GSL and evaluated its performance against the New General Service List (NGSL). We found that creating a Specialized Word List (SWL), tailored to a specific text, is a practical method for language learners. Because an SWL is derived from the target text itself, it reaches the 95% coverage required for language comprehension by construction, and it does so with substantially fewer words than a general list applied to the same text: across nine texts spanning fiction, academic papers, and scripts, the NGSL covered 64-85% of each text, whereas a text-specific list reached 95% with far smaller vocabularies. By restricting the SWL process to objective criteria only, it can be automated, scaled, and tailored to the needs of language-learners across the globe.

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Dakota Ellis, Samy Babikerali, Wanshan Chen, Bao Dinh, Uyen Le. 2025-12-17. Automated Lexical Coverage for Language Learning: From General to Specialized Word Lists. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.15552

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