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arXiv · 2512.24374

Assembling a Bose-Hubbard superfluid from tweezer-controlled single atoms

William J. Eckner·Theodor Lukin Yelin·Alec Cao·Aaron W. Young·Nelson Darkwah Oppong·Lode Pollet·Adam M. Kaufman
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Abstract

Quantum simulation relies on the preparation and control of low-entropy many-body systems to reveal the behavior of classically intractable models. The development of new approaches for realizing such systems therefore represents a frontier in quantum science. Here we experimentally demonstrate a new protocol for generating ultracold, itinerant many-body states in a tunnel-coupled two-dimensional optical lattice. We do this by adiabatically connecting a near-ground-state-cooled array of up to 50 single strontium-86 atoms with a Bose-Hubbard superfluid. Through comparison with finite-temperature quantum-Monte-Carlo calculations, we estimate that the entropy per particle of the prepared many-body states is approximately $2 k_B$, and that the achieved temperatures are consistent with a significant superfluid fraction. This represents the first time that itinerant many-body systems have been prepared from rearranged atoms, opening the door to bottom-up assembly of a wide range of neutral-atom and molecular systems.

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William J. Eckner, Theodor Lukin Yelin, Alec Cao, Aaron W. Young, Nelson Darkwah Oppong, Lode Pollet, Adam M. Kaufman. 2025-12-30. Assembling a Bose-Hubbard superfluid from tweezer-controlled single atoms. https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.24374

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