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arXiv · 2601.04998

Encoding complex-balanced thermalization in quantum circuits

Yiting Mao·Peigeng Zhong·Haiqing Lin·Xiaoqun Wang·Shijie Hu
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Abstract

Non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems often invalidates the complex-balanced thermalization framework, hindering predictive control of quantum simulation platforms designed to prepare out-of-equilibrium states at prescribed temperatures. We resolve this bottleneck by engineering reservoir qubits as modular microscopic units coupled to a target quantum system and constructing a quantum-circuit platform that enforces strictly Markovian complex-balanced thermalization. The platform exploits the non-orthogonality of reservoir qubit eigenstates to drive inhomogeneous heating through a modified Kubo-Martin-Schwinger relation, and uses tunable microscopic time-reversibility breaking to generate amplification-dissipation dynamics. We demonstrate two applications: temporally correlated dichromatic emission and Liouvillian exceptional-point-protected quantum synchronization at finite temperatures, displaying predictive control over out-of-equilibrium state preparation.

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Yiting Mao, Peigeng Zhong, Haiqing Lin, Xiaoqun Wang, Shijie Hu. 2026-01-08. Encoding complex-balanced thermalization in quantum circuits. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04998

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