BiasLab: A Multilingual Dual-Framing Framework for LLM Bias Measurement, Applied to Workplace and HR Contexts

Abstract

Background: Large language models (LLMs) harbor systematic biases that are particularly consequential in workplace and HR contexts, where their outputs increasingly influence hiring, job design, and organizational decisions. Existing bias-evaluation approaches remain methodologically fragmented, limiting practitioners' ability to assess deployment risks. Objective: This study introduces BiasLab, a multilingual dual-framing framework to quantify and compare directional output-level bias in LLMs, demonstrated across six workplace and HR-relevant topics. Methods: BiasLab combines mirrored affirmative and reverse prompt pairs, randomized wrapper perturbations, fixed-choice response constraints, and polarity-aligned scoring. Ten LLMs were evaluated across six topics (gender in leadership, employment gap candidates, age in hiring, remote versus office work, four-day versus five-day work weeks, and AI-assisted versus human-only hiring), spanning 12 languages and 30 iterations per framing direction, yielding 43,200 responses. Results: All ten models showed consistent directional preferences across every topic. A recurring asymmetric pattern emerged in which models rejected disfavored claims more strongly than they endorsed their opposites, a distinction invisible to single-frame designs. Conclusions: BiasLab provides a standardized, reproducible instrument for measuring directional preferences across models. Whether a preference constitutes bias in a fairness sense is topic-dependent: for protected attributes such as gender and age it maps onto equal-employment standards, whereas elsewhere it is better described as systematic preference. The framework lets organizations compare and vet models before adopting them for hiring.