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arXiv · 2601.15099

Instantaneous Frequency in Power Systems using the Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator

A. Vaca·J. Gutierrez Florensa·F. Milano
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Abstract

This letter develops an instantaneous-frequency (IF) local estimator calculated with the complex Teager-Kaiser energy operator (CTKEO) and the dynamic-signal identity. The contribution is a novel CTKEO-based IF expression that makes the envelope-curvature terms explicit, thus correcting the bias that affects conventional estimators used in power systems. The estimator aligns with complex-frequency (CF) kinematics and admits a geometric interpretation (curvature) without phase unwrapping. This yields an accurate local frequency estimate in operating conditions where magnitude variations contribute non-negligibly to the signal dynamics. Tests on field measurements illustrate the practical behavior of the proposed approach and its consistency with a geometric-frequency benchmark.

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A. Vaca, J. Gutierrez Florensa, F. Milano. 2026-01-21. Instantaneous Frequency in Power Systems using the Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15099

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