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arXiv · 2601.17949

On the area-depth symmetry on {\L}ukasiewicz paths

Wenjie Fang
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Abstract

In an effort to further understanding $q,t$-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called $\mathtt{depth}$ was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known $\mathtt{area}$ statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized $\mathtt{depth}$ to so-called ``$\vec{k}$-Dyck paths''. They showed that $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of {\L}ukasiewicz paths by interpreting $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ under the classical bijection between {\L}ukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent.

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Wenjie Fang. 2026-01-25. On the area-depth symmetry on {\L}ukasiewicz paths. https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.17405

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