arXiv subjects

Wenjie Fang

Publications and source records attributed to Wenjie Fang.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Decomposition of Greedy Tamari Intervals and Bipartite Planar Maps

The greedy Tamari poset, inspired by the well-studied Tamari lattice, was recently defined by Dermenjian in the more general setting of greedy $ν$-Tamari posets. Bousquet-Mélou and Chapoton counted intervals of the greedy $m$-Tamari poset in 2024 by solving a functional equation, and found that they are equi-enumerous to planar $(m+1)$-constellations. In this work, we give a combinatorial proof of this fact for the case $m = 1$, which also gives the refined enumeration conjectured by Bousquet-Mélou and Chapoton. This is done by establishing a recursive decomposition of greedy Tamari intervals isomorphic to that of bipartite planar maps. We also propose a more general and refined conjecture for the case of general $m$.

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arXiv2026

On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths

In an effort to further understanding $q,t$-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called $\mathtt{depth}$ was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known $\mathtt{area}$ statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized $\mathtt{depth}$ to so-called ``$\vec{k}$-Dyck paths''. They showed that $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of Łukasiewicz paths by interpreting $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ under the classical bijection between Łukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent.

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arXiv2026

Bivariate asymptotics via random walks: application to large genus maps

We obtain bivariate asymptotics for the number of (unicellular) combinatorial maps (a model of discrete surfaces) as both the size and the genus grow. This work is related to two research topics that have been very active recently: multivariate asymptotics and large genus geometry. Our method consists of studying a linear recurrence for these numbers, and can be applied to many other linear recurrences. In particular, we include a general theorem that yields asymptotics for such recurrences, provided that some assumptions are satisfied.

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arXiv2025

Asymptotic normality of embedding distributions of some families of graphs

Computing the embedding distribution of a given graph is a fundamental question in topological graph theory. In this article, we extend our viewpoint to a sequence of graphs and consider their asymptotic embedding distributions, which are often the normal distribution. We establish the asymptotic normality of several families of graphs by developing adapted tools and frameworks. We expect that these tools and frameworks can be used on other families of graphs to establish the asymptotic normality of their embedding distributions. Several open questions and conjectures are also raised in our investigation.

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arXiv2025

Maximal number of subword occurrences in a word

We consider the number of occurrences of subwords (non-consecutive sub-sequences) in a given word. We first define the notion of subword entropy of a given word that measures the maximal number of occurrences among all possible subwords. We then give upper and lower bounds of minimal subword entropy for words of fixed length in a fixed alphabet, and also showing that minimal subword entropy per letter has a limit value. A better upper bound of minimal subword entropy for a binary alphabet is then given by looking at certain families of periodic words. We also give some conjectures based on experimental observations.

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arXiv2025

A new definition for m-Cambrian lattices

The Cambrian lattices, introduced in (Reading, 2006), generalize the Tamari lattice to any choice of Coxeter element in any finite Coxeter group. They are further generalized to the m-Cambrian lattices (Stump, Thomas, Williams, 2015). However, their definitions do not provide a practical setup to work with combinatorially. In this paper, we provide a new equivalent definition of the m-Cambrian lattices on simple objects called m-noncrossing partitions, using a simple and effective comparison criterion. It is obtained by showing that each interval has a unique maximal chain that is c-increasing, which is computed by a greedy algorithm. Our proof is uniform, involving all Coxeter groups and all choices of Coxeter element at the same time. This work has been accepted as an extended abstract for the FPSAC 2025 conference. A long version of this work will be available later.

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arXiv2024

Tamari intervals and blossoming trees

We introduce a simple bijection between Tamari intervals and the blossoming trees (Poulalhon and Schaeffer, 2006) encoding planar triangulations, using a new meandering representation of such trees. Its specializations to the families of synchronized, Kreweras, new/modern, and infinitely modern intervals give a combinatorial proof of the counting formula for each family. Compared to (Bernardi and Bonichon, 2009), our bijection behaves well with the duality of Tamari intervals, enabling also the counting of self-dual intervals.

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arXiv2024

Parabolic Tamari Lattices in Linear Type B

We study parabolic aligned elements associated with the type-$B$ Coxeter group and the so-called linear Coxeter element. These elements were introduced algebraically in (Mühle and Williams, 2019) for parabolic quotients of finite Coxeter groups and were characterized by a certain forcing condition on inversions. We focus on the type-$B$ case and give a combinatorial model for these elements in terms of pattern avoidance. Moreover, we describe an equivalence relation on parabolic quotients of the type-$B$ Coxeter group whose equivalence classes are indexed by the aligned elements. We prove that this equivalence relation extends to a congruence relation for the weak order. The resulting quotient lattice is the type-$B$ analogue of the parabolic Tamari lattice introduced for type $A$ in (Mühle and Williams, 2019). These lattices have not appeared in the literature before.

math.CO↗

arXiv2024

Bijective proof of a conjecture on unit interval posets

In a recent preprint, Matherne, Morales and Selover conjectured that two different representations of unit interval posets are related by the famous zeta map in $q,t$-Catalan combinatorics. This conjecture was proved recently by Gélinas, Segovia and Thomas using induction. In this short note, we provide a bijective proof of the same conjecture with a reformulation of the zeta map using left-aligned colored trees, first proposed in the study of parabolic Tamari lattices.

math.CO↗

arXiv2023

Bijections between planar maps and planar linear normal $λ$-terms with connectivity condition

The enumeration of linear $λ$-terms has attracted quite some attention recently, partly due to their link to combinatorial maps. Zeilberger and Giorgetti (2015) gave a recursive bijection between planar linear normal $λ$-terms and planar maps, which, when restricted to 2-connected $λ$-terms (i.e., without closed sub-terms), leads to bridgeless planar maps. Inspired by this restriction, Zeilberger and Reed (2019) conjectured that 3-connected planar linear normal $λ$-terms have the same counting formula as bipartite planar maps. In this article, we settle this conjecture by giving a direct bijection between these two families. Furthermore, using a similar approach, we give a direct bijection between planar linear normal $λ$-terms and planar maps, whose restriction to 2-connected $λ$-terms leads to loopless planar maps. This bijection seems different from that of Zeilberger and Giorgetti, even after taking the map dual. We also explore enumerative consequences of our bijections.

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arXiv2022

Searching on the boundary of abundance for odd weird numbers

Weird numbers are abundant numbers that are not pseudoperfect. Since their introduction, the existence of odd weird numbers has been an open problem. In this work, we describe our computational effort to search for odd weird numbers, which shows their non-existence up to $10^{21}$. We also searched up to $10^{28}$ for numbers with an abundance below $10^{14}$, to no avail. Our approach to speed up the search can be viewed as an application of reverse search in the domain of combinatorial optimization, and may be useful for other similar quest for natural numbers with special properties that depend crucially on their factorization.

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arXiv2022

Efficient recurrence for the enumeration of permutations with fixed pinnacle set

Initiated by Davis, Nelson, Petersen and Tenner (2018), the enumerative study of pinnacle sets of permutations has attracted a fair amount of attention recently. In this article, we provide a recurrence that can be used to compute efficiently the number $|\mathfrak{S}_n(P)|$ of permutations of size $n$ with a given pinnacle set $P$, with arithmetic complexity $O(k^4 + k\log n)$ for $P$ of size $k$. A symbolic expression can also be computed in this way for pinnacle sets of fixed size. A weighted sum $q_n(P)$ of $|\mathfrak{S}_n(P)|$ proposed in Davis, Nelson, Petersen and Tenner (2018) seems to have a simple form, and a conjectural form is given recently by Flaque, Novelli and Thibon (2021+). We settle the problem by providing and proving an alternative form of $q_n(P)$, which has a strong combinatorial flavor. We also study admissible orderings of a given pinnacle set, first considered by Rusu (2020) and characterized by Rusu and Tenner (2021), and we give an efficient algorithm for their counting.

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arXiv2021

Bijective link between Chapoton's new intervals and bipartite planar maps

In 2006, Chapoton defined a class of Tamari intervals called "new intervals" in his enumeration of Tamari intervals, and he found that these new intervals are equi-enumerated with bipartite planar maps. We present here a direct bijection between these two classes of objects using a new object called "degree tree". Our bijection also gives an intuitive proof of an unpublished equi-distribution result of some statistics on new intervals given by Chapoton and Fusy.

math.CO↗

arXiv2021

A Consecutive Lehmer Code for Parabolic Quotients of the Symmetric Group

In this article we define an encoding for parabolic permutations that distinguishes between parabolic $231$-avoiding permutations. We prove that the componentwise order on these codes realizes the parabolic Tamari lattice, and conclude a direct and simple proof that the parabolic Tamari lattice is isomorphic to a certain $ν$-Tamari lattice, with an explicit bijection. Furthermore, we prove that this bijection is closely related to the map $Θ$ used when the lattice isomorphism was first proved in (Ceballos, Fang and Mühle, 2020), settling an open problem therein.

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arXiv2020

Phase transitions from $\exp(n^{1/2})$ to $\exp(n^{2/3})$ in the asymptotics of banded plane partitions

We examine the asymptotics of a class of banded plane partitions under a varying bandwidth parameter $m$, and clarify the transitional behavior for large size $n$ and increasing $m=m(n)$ to be from $c_1 n^{-1} \exp(c_2 n^{1/2})$ to $c_3 n^{-49/72} \exp(c_4 n^{2/3} + c_5 n^{1/3})$ for some explicit coefficients $c_1, \ldots, c_5$. The method of proof, which is a unified saddle-point analysis for all phases, is general and can be extended to other classes of plane partitions.

math.CO↗

arXiv2020

Compacted binary trees admit a stretched exponential

A compacted binary tree is a directed acyclic graph encoding a binary tree in which common subtrees are factored and shared, such that they are represented only once. We show that the number of compacted binary trees of size $n$ grows asymptotically like $$Θ\left( n! \, 4^n e^{3a_1n^{1/3}} n^{3/4} \right),$$ where $a_1\approx-2.338$ is the largest root of the Airy function. Our method involves a new two parameter recurrence which yields an algorithm of quadratic arithmetic complexity. We use empirical methods to estimate the values of all terms defined by the recurrence, then we prove by induction that these estimates are sufficiently accurate for large $n$ to determine the asymptotic form. Our results also lead to new bounds on the number of minimal finite automata recognizing a finite language on a binary alphabet. As a consequence, these also exhibit a stretched exponential.

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arXiv2020

A character approach to directed genus distribution of graphs: the bipartite single-black-vertex case

Given an Eulerian digraph, we consider the genus distribution of its face-oriented embeddings. We prove that such distribution is log-concave for two families of Eulerian digraphs, thus giving a positive answer for these families to a question asked in Bonnington, Conder, Morton and McKenna (2002). Our proof uses real-rooted polynomials and the representation theory of the symmetric group $\mathbb{S}_n$. The result is also extended to some factorizations of the identity in $\mathbb{S}_n$ that are rotation systems of some families of one-face constellations.

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arXiv2019

A partial order on Motzkin paths

The Tamari lattice, defined on Catalan objects such as binary trees and Dyck paths, is a well-studied poset in combinatorics. It is thus natural to try to extend it to other families of lattice paths. In this article, we fathom such a possibility by defining and studying an analogy of the Tamari lattice on Motzkin paths. While our generalization is not a lattice, each of its connected components is isomorphic to an interval in the classical Tamari lattice. With this structural result, we proceed to the enumeration of components and intervals in the poset of Motzkin paths we defined. We also extend the structural and enumerative results to Schröder paths. We conclude by a discussion on the relation between our work and that of Baril and Pallo (2014).

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