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arXiv · 2601.19311

Balancing Sustainability And Performance: The Role Of Small-Scale LLMs In Agentic Artificial Intelligence Systems

Anh Khoa Ngo Ho·Martin Chauvin·Simon Gosset·Philippe Cordier·Boris Gamazaychikov
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Abstract

As large language models become integral to agentic artificial intelligence systems, their energy demands during inference may pose significant sustainability challenges. This study investigates whether deploying smaller-scale language models can reduce energy consumption without compromising responsiveness and output quality in a multi-agent, real-world environments. We conduct a comparative analysis across language models of varying scales to quantify trade-offs between efficiency and performance. Results show that smaller open-weights models can lower energy usage while preserving task quality. Building on these findings, we propose practical guidelines for sustainable artificial intelligence design, including optimal batch size configuration and computation resource allocation. These insights offer actionable strategies for developing scalable, environmentally responsible artificial intelligence systems.

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Anh Khoa Ngo Ho, Martin Chauvin, Simon Gosset, Philippe Cordier, Boris Gamazaychikov. 2026-01-27. Balancing Sustainability And Performance: The Role Of Small-Scale LLMs In Agentic Artificial Intelligence Systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19311

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