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arXiv · 2602.17177

PRODIGE - envelope to disk with NOEMA: VII. (Complex) organic molecules in the NGC1333 IRAS4B1 outflow: A new laboratory for shock chemistry

Laura A. Busch·J. E. Pineda·P. Caselli·D. M. Segura-Cox·S. Narayanan·C. Gieser·M. J. Maureira·T. -H. Hsieh·Y. Lin·M. T. Valdivia-Mena·L. Bouscasse·Th. Henning·D. Semenov·A. Fuente·Y. -R. Chou·L. Mason·P. C. Cortés·L. W. Looney·I. W. Stephens·M. Tafalla·A. Dutrey·W. Kwon·P. Saha
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Abstract

Shock chemistry is an excellent tool to shed light on the formation and destruction mechanisms of complex organic molecules (COMs). The L1157-mm outflow is the only low-mass protostellar outflow that has extensively been studied in this regard. Using the data taken as part of the PRODIGE (PROtostars & DIsks: Global Evolution) large program, we aim to map COM emission and derive the molecular composition of the protostellar outflow driven by the Class 0 protostar NGC1333 IRAS4B1 to introduce it as a new laboratory to study the impact of shocks on COM chemistry. In addition to typical outflow tracers such as SiO and CO, outflow emission is seen from H2CO, HNCO, and HC3N, as well as from the COMs CH3OH, CH3CN, and CH3CHO, and even from deuterated species such as DCN, D2CO, and CH2DOH. Maps of integrated intensity ratios between CH3OH and DCN, D2CO, and CH3CHO reveal gradients with distance from the protostar. Intensity ratio maps of HC3N and CH3CN with respect to CH3OH peak in the southern lobe where temperatures are highest. Rotational temperatures derived towards two positions, one in each lobe, are found in the range ~50-100 K. Abundances with respect to CH3OH are higher by factors of a few than for the L1157-B1. In conclusion, for the first time, we securely detected the COMs CH3CN, CH3CHO, and CH2DOH in the IRAS 4B1 outflow, serendipitously with limited sensitivity and bandwidth. Targeted observations will enable the discovery of new COMs and a more detailed analysis of their emission. Morphological differences between molecules in the IRAS 4B1 outflow lobes and their relative abundances provide first proof that this outflow is a promising new laboratory for shock chemistry, which will offer crucial information on COM formation and destruction as well as outflow structure and kinematics.

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Laura A. Busch, J. E. Pineda, P. Caselli, D. M. Segura-Cox, S. Narayanan, C. Gieser, M. J. Maureira, T. -H. Hsieh, Y. Lin, M. T. Valdivia-Mena, L. Bouscasse, Th. Henning, D. Semenov, A. Fuente, Y. -R. Chou, L. Mason, P. C. Cortés, L. W. Looney, I. W. Stephens, M. Tafalla, A. Dutrey, W. Kwon, P. Saha. 2026-02-19. PRODIGE - envelope to disk with NOEMA: VII. (Complex) organic molecules in the NGC1333 IRAS4B1 outflow: A new laboratory for shock chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202658979

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