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arXiv · 2602.20278

Exponential Lower Bounds for 2-query Relaxed Locally Decodable Codes

Alexander R. Block·Jeremiah Blocki·Kuan Cheng·Elena Grigorescu·Xin Li·Yu Zheng·Minshen Zhu
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Abstract

Locally Decodable Codes (LDCs) are error-correcting codes $C\colon\Sigma^n\rightarrow \Sigma^m,$ encoding \emph{messages} in $\Sigma^n$ to \emph{codewords} in $\Sigma^m$, with super-fast decoding algorithms. They are important mathematical objects in many areas of theoretical computer science, yet the best constructions so far have codeword length $m$ that is super-polynomial in $n$, for codes with constant query complexity and constant alphabet size. In a very surprising result, Ben-Sasson, Goldreich, Harsha, Sudan, and Vadhan (SICOMP 2006) show how to construct a relaxed version of LDCs (RLDCs) with constant query complexity and almost linear codeword length over the binary alphabet, and used them to obtain significantly-improved constructions of Probabilistically Checkable Proofs. In this work, we study RLDCs in the standard Hamming-error setting. We prove an exponential lower bound on the length of Hamming RLDCs making $2$ queries (even adaptively) over the binary alphabet. This answers a question explicitly raised by Gur and Lachish (SICOMP 2021) and is the first exponential lower bound for RLDCs. Combined with the results of Ben-Sasson et al., our result exhibits a ``phase-transition''-type behavior on the codeword length for some constant-query complexity. We achieve these lower bounds via a transformation of RLDCs to standard Hamming LDCs, using a careful analysis of restrictions of message bits that fix codeword bits.

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Alexander R. Block, Jeremiah Blocki, Kuan Cheng, Elena Grigorescu, Xin Li, Yu Zheng, Minshen Zhu. 2026-02-23. Exponential Lower Bounds for 2-query Relaxed Locally Decodable Codes. https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.20278

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