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arXiv · 2603.01218

Precise and Robust Domain Engineering Based on Faraday Cage Effect for Thin-film Lithium Niobate Photonics

Yanqun Wang·Furong Zhong·Lin Liu·Yuntao Zhu·Jinyi Wang·Zhongjin Lin·Xinlun Cai
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Abstract

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) waveguides are promising for efficient second-harmonic generation (SHG) owing to their strong optical confinement and large second-order nonlinearity. However, robust fabrication of high-efficiency devices remains challenging, as existing domain engineering methods lack precise and robust controls of polarity distributions. Here, we propose and demonstrate a domain engineering technique that utilizes nanoscale Faraday cages to shape the electric-field distributions during poling, physically defining polarity distribution by the geometry of the Faraday cages without real-time monitoring. As a proof of concept, the method is used to fabricate a spatially selectively poled TFLN waveguide, where all regions are poled except for a 400-nm-wide central. This waveguide achieves a normalized SHG efficiency of 6242 %W-1cm-2. Systematic investigation of the inverted domain growth dynamics confirms the enhanced precision and robustness of this approach over conventional time-controlled methods, paving the way for scalable nonlinear photonic circuits.

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Yanqun Wang, Furong Zhong, Lin Liu, Yuntao Zhu, Jinyi Wang, Zhongjin Lin, Xinlun Cai. 2026-03-01. Precise and Robust Domain Engineering Based on Faraday Cage Effect for Thin-film Lithium Niobate Photonics. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01218

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