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arXiv · 2603.05855

Line-Tied Flux Rope Relaxation and Reconnection: A 3D Kinetic Case Study

Joshua Pawlak·James Juno·Jason M. TenBarge
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Abstract

Magnetic flux ropes are ubiquitous magnetic structures found in plasmas ranging from astrophysical to laboratory. We employ a newly-developed parallel-kinetic-perpendicular-moment (PKPM) model to simulate the 3D interaction and evolution of two line-tied flux ropes at realistic laboratory plasma parameters, while retaining essential parallel kinetic physics in the system. We find that ropes undergo a current-dependent transition from a diamagnetic to paramagnetic regime, which we quantify with a simple analytic model. Although the macroscopic structural evolution qualitatively differs significantly between these regimes, analyzing the reconnection in proper field-aligned coordinates reveals that the underlying kinetic dynamics remain similar. Using the squashing factor and quasi-potential as diagnostics of 3D magnetic reconnection, we identify the formation of a quasi-separatrix layer and show that these quantities provide consistent metrics for reconnection rate and structure.

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Joshua Pawlak, James Juno, Jason M. TenBarge. 2026-03-06. Line-Tied Flux Rope Relaxation and Reconnection: A 3D Kinetic Case Study. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.05855

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