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arXiv · 2603.08084

The AI Amplifier Effect: Defining Human-AI Intimacy and Romantic Relationships with Conversational AI

Ching Christie Pang·Yi Gao·Xuetong Wang·Pan Hui
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Abstract

What does it mean to fall in love with something we know is virtual? The proliferation of conversational AI enables users to create customizable companions, fostering new intimate relationships that, while virtual, are perceived as authentic. However, public understanding of these bonds is limited, and platform policies regarding these interactions remain inconsistent. There is a pressing need for further HCI research to investigate: (a) the design affordances in AI that construct bonds and a sense of intimacy, (b) how such long-term engagement impacts users' real lives, and (c) how to balance user autonomy with platform regulation in the design of these systems without compromising users' well-being and experiences. This paper takes a step toward addressing these goals by providing a concrete definition of human AI intimacy based on in depth interviews with 30 users engaged in romantic relationships with AI companions. We elucidate the complexities of these relationships, from their formation to sustainability, and identify key features of the bonds formed. Notably, we introduce the AI Amplifier Effect, where the AI serves as a medium that intensifies the user's existing emotional state, leading to divergent positive, neutral, and negative impacts. We argue that designing for emotion must extend beyond technical affordances to encompass the essence of human affection. This paper's contributions aim to initiate a conversation and guide future research on human AI relationships within the HCI community.

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Ching Christie Pang, Yi Gao, Xuetong Wang, Pan Hui. 2026-03-09. The AI Amplifier Effect: Defining Human-AI Intimacy and Romantic Relationships with Conversational AI. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08084

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