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arXiv · 2603.15083

ReactMotion: Generating Reactive Listener Motions from Speaker Utterance

Cheng Luo·Bizhu Wu·Bing Li·Jianfeng Ren·Ruibin Bai·Rong Qu·Linlin Shen·Bernard Ghanem
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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new task, Reactive Listener Motion Generation from Speaker Utterance, which aims to generate naturalistic listener body motions that appropriately respond to a speaker's utterance. However, modeling such nonverbal listener behaviors remains underexplored and challenging due to the inherently non-deterministic nature of human reactions. To facilitate this task, we present ReactMotionNet, a large-scale dataset that pairs speaker utterances with multiple candidate listener motions annotated with varying degrees of appropriateness. This dataset design explicitly captures the one-to-many nature of listener behavior and provides supervision beyond a single ground-truth motion. Building on this dataset design, we develop preference-oriented evaluation protocols tailored to evaluate reactive appropriateness, where conventional motion metrics focusing on input-motion alignment ignore. We further propose ReactMotion, a unified generative framework that jointly models text, audio, emotion, and motion, and is trained with preference-based objectives to encourage both appropriate and diverse listener responses. Extensive experiments show that ReactMotion outperforms retrieval baselines and cascaded LLM-based pipelines, generating more natural, diverse, and appropriate listener motions.

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BibTeXRIS

Cheng Luo, Bizhu Wu, Bing Li, Jianfeng Ren, Ruibin Bai, Rong Qu, Linlin Shen, Bernard Ghanem. 2026-03-16. ReactMotion: Generating Reactive Listener Motions from Speaker Utterance. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15083

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