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arXiv · 2603.17387

CRE-T1 Preview Technical Report: Beyond Contrastive Learning for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval

Guangzhi Wang·Yinghao Jiao·Zhi Liu
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Abstract

The central challenge of reasoning-intensive retrieval lies in identifying implicitreasoning relationships between queries and documents, rather than superficial se-mantic or lexical similarity. The contrastive learning paradigm is fundamentallya static representation consolidation technique: during training, it encodes hier-archical relevance concepts into fixed geometric structures in the vector space,and at inference time it cannot dynamically adjust relevance judgments accord-ing to the specific reasoning demands of each query. Consequently, performancedegrades noticeably when vocabulary mismatch exists between queries and doc-uments or when implicit reasoning is required to establish relevance. This pa-per proposes Thought 1 (T1), a generative retrieval model that shifts relevancemodeling from static alignment to dynamic reasoning. On the query side, T1 dy-namically generates intermediate reasoning trajectories for each query to bridgeimplicit reasoning relationships and uses as a semantic aggregationpoint for the reasoning output. On the document side, it employs an instruction+ text + encoding format to support high-throughput indexing. Tointernalize dynamic reasoning capabilities into vector representations, we adopt athree-stage training curriculum and introduce GRPO in the third stage, enablingthe model to learn optimal derivation strategies for different queries through trial-and-error reinforcement learning. On the BRIGHT benchmark, T1-4B exhibitsstrong performance under the original query setting, outperforming larger modelstrained with contrastive learning overall, and achieving performance comparableto multi-stage retrieval pipelines. The results demonstrate that replacing static rep-resentation alignment with dynamic reasoning generation can effectively improvereasoning-intensive retrieval performance.

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Guangzhi Wang, Yinghao Jiao, Zhi Liu. 2026-03-18. CRE-T1 Preview Technical Report: Beyond Contrastive Learning for Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.17387

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