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arXiv · 2603.26996

FormalProofBench: Can Models Write Graduate Level Math Proofs That Are Formally Verified?

Nikil Ravi·Kexing Ying·Vasilii Nesterov·Rayan Krishnan·Elif Uskuplu·Bingyu Xia·Janitha Aswedige·Langston Nashold
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Abstract

We present FormalProofBench, a private benchmark designed to evaluate whether AI models can produce formally verified mathematical proofs at the graduate level. Each task pairs a natural-language problem with a Lean~4 formal statement, and a model must output a Lean proof accepted by the Lean 4 checker. FormalProofBench targets advanced undergraduate and graduate mathematics, with problems drawn from qualifying exams and standard textbooks across topics including analysis, algebra, probability, and logic. We evaluate a range of frontier models with an agentic harness, and find that the best-performing foundation model achieves 33.5% accuracy, with performance dropping rapidly after that. In addition to the accuracy numbers, we also provide empirical analysis of tool-use, failure modes, cost and latency, thereby providing a thorough evaluation of the formal-theorem proving abilities of frontier models.

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Nikil Ravi, Kexing Ying, Vasilii Nesterov, Rayan Krishnan, Elif Uskuplu, Bingyu Xia, Janitha Aswedige, Langston Nashold. 2026-03-27. FormalProofBench: Can Models Write Graduate Level Math Proofs That Are Formally Verified?. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.26996

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