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arXiv · 2603.27402

A 64-Spin All-to-All CMOS Ising Machine with Landscape Perturbation Achieving 2.28 nJ/Edge-Bit Energy-to-Solution

Ahmet Yusuf Salim·Jianan Wu·Soner Seçkiner·Eslam Elmitwalli·Selçuk Köse·Zeljko Ignjatovic
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Abstract

A 64-spin all-to-all current-mode coupling Ising machine is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. The design supports 31 coefficient levels in 0.943 mm2 and achieves Energy-to-Solution (ETS) of 2.28 nJ/edge-bit. Continuous programming refresh not only mitigates leakage but also provides a mechanism for deterministic energy landscape perturbation, which consistently improves solution quality with higher success rate compared to operation without landscape perturbation.

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Ahmet Yusuf Salim, Jianan Wu, Soner Seçkiner, Eslam Elmitwalli, Selçuk Köse, Zeljko Ignjatovic. 2026-03-28. A 64-Spin All-to-All CMOS Ising Machine with Landscape Perturbation Achieving 2.28 nJ/Edge-Bit Energy-to-Solution. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.27402

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