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arXiv · 2603.28054

Who Wrote the Book? Detecting and Attributing LLM Ghostwriters

Anudeex Shetty·Qiongkai Xu·Olga Ohrimenko·Jey Han Lau
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Abstract

In this paper, we introduce GhostWriteBench, a dataset for LLM authorship attribution. It comprises long-form texts (50K+ words per book) generated by frontier LLMs, and is designed to test generalisation across multiple out-of-distribution (OOD) dimensions, including domain and unseen LLM author. We also propose TRACE -- a novel fingerprinting method that is interpretable and lightweight -- that works for both open- and closed-source models. TRACE creates the fingerprint by capturing token-level transition patterns (e.g., word rank) estimated by another lightweight language model. Experiments on GhostWriteBench demonstrate that TRACE achieves state-of-the-art performance, remains robust in OOD settings, and works well in limited training data scenarios.

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Anudeex Shetty, Qiongkai Xu, Olga Ohrimenko, Jey Han Lau. 2026-03-30. Who Wrote the Book? Detecting and Attributing LLM Ghostwriters. https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.28054

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