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arXiv · 2603.28724

Robust Floquet-induced gap in irradiated graphite

Fei Wang·Xuanxi Cai·Wanying Chen·Jinxi Lu·Tianshuang Sheng·Xiao Tang·Jiansong Li·Hongyun Zhang·Shuyun Zhou
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Abstract

Floquet engineering provides an emerging pathway for tailoring the electronic states of quantum materials through time-periodic drive. A critical step along this direction is achieving light-induced modifications of the dynamical electronic structure, such as avoided-crossing gap at the Floquet Brillouin zone boundary, via efficient coupling of electrons with the coherent light-field. Here, we report robust Floquet-induced gap in bulk graphite that persists despite the presence of interlayer coupling and photo-excitation. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with intense mid-infrared pumping, we directly reveal Floquet-induced gaps at resonance points both in the valence and conduction bands, accompanied by coherent Floquet sidebands. The gap and sidebands coexist with photo-excited carriers, yet their distinct timescales allow us to disentangle their origins. Our demonstration of robust Floquet-induced gaps establishes graphite as a platform for coherent manipulation of Dirac fermions and realization of light-engineered quantum phases.

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Fei Wang, Xuanxi Cai, Wanying Chen, Jinxi Lu, Tianshuang Sheng, Xiao Tang, Jiansong Li, Hongyun Zhang, Shuyun Zhou. 2026-03-30. Robust Floquet-induced gap in irradiated graphite. https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x%2F43%2F5%2F050705

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