Toward Accountable AI-Generated Content on Social Platforms: Steganographic Attribution and Multimodal Harm Detection

Xinlei Guan; David Arosemena; Tejaswi Dhandu; Kuan Huang; Meng Xu; Miles Q. Li; Bingyu Shen; Ruiyang Qin; Umamaheswara Rao Tida; Boyang Li

arXiv · 2604.10460

Toward Accountable AI-Generated Content on Social Platforms: Steganographic Attribution and Multimodal Harm Detection

Xinlei Guan·David Arosemena·Tejaswi Dhandu·Kuan Huang·Meng Xu·Miles Q. Li·Bingyu Shen·Ruiyang Qin·Umamaheswara Rao Tida·Boyang Li

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Abstract

The rapid growth of generative AI has introduced new challenges in content moderation and digital forensics. In particular, benign AI-generated images can be paired with harmful or misleading text, creating difficult-to-detect misuse. This contextual misuse undermines the traditional moderation framework and complicates attribution, as synthetic images typically lack persistent metadata or device signatures. We introduce a steganography enabled attribution framework that embeds cryptographically signed identifiers into images at creation time and uses multimodal harmful content detection as a trigger for attribution verification. Our system evaluates five watermarking methods across spatial, frequency, and wavelet domains. It also integrates a CLIP-based fusion model for multimodal harmful-content detection. Experiments demonstrate that spread-spectrum watermarking, especially in the wavelet domain, provides strong robustness under blur distortions, and our multimodal fusion detector achieves an AUC-ROC of 0.99, enabling reliable cross-modal attribution verification. These components form an end-to-end forensic pipeline that enables reliable tracing of harmful deployments of AI-generated imagery, supporting accountability in modern synthetic media environments. Our code is available at GitHub: https://github.com/bli1/steganography

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BibTeX RIS

Xinlei Guan, David Arosemena, Tejaswi Dhandu, Kuan Huang, Meng Xu, Miles Q. Li, Bingyu Shen, Ruiyang Qin, Umamaheswara Rao Tida, Boyang Li. 2026-04-12. Toward Accountable AI-Generated Content on Social Platforms: Steganographic Attribution and Multimodal Harm Detection. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.10460

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