RAG-DIVE: A Dynamic Approach for Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation in Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Abstract

Evaluating Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using static multi-turn datasets fails to capture the dynamic nature of real-world dialogues. Existing evaluation methods rely on predefined datasets, which restrict them to static, one-directional queries and limit their ability to capture the adaptive, context-dependent performance of RAG systems in interactive, multi-turn settings. Thus, we introduce the RAG-DIVE, a Dynamic Interactive Validation and Evaluation approach, that simulates user interactions with RAG systems. RAG-DIVE leverages an LLM to generate multi-turn conversations dynamically and is organized into three components. The dialogue generation stage consists of the (1) Conversation Generator, which simulates a user by creating multi-turn queries, and the (2) Conversation Validator, which filters and corrects invalid or low-quality outputs to ensure coherent conversations. The evaluation stage is handled by the (3) Conversation Evaluator, which assesses the RAG system's performance across the entire dialogue and generates both per-turn and multi-turn metrics that provide an aggregated view of system behavior. We validated RAG-DIVE through two experimental setups. First, we tested a sample RAG system, including human evaluation of dialogue quality, repeated trials to assess consistency, and an ablation study showing that RAG-DIVE detects performance changes caused by system modifications. Second, we compared RAG-DIVE with a traditional static dataset evaluation on an industrial RAG system under different configurations to verify whether both approaches reveal similar performance trends. Our findings demonstrate that RAG-DIVE facilitates dynamic, interaction-driven evaluation for multi-turn conversations, thereby advancing the assessment of RAG systems.