Latent Preference Modeling for Multi-Session Personalized Tool Calling

Yejin Yoon; Minseo Kim; Taeuk Kim

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arXiv · 2604.17886

Latent Preference Modeling for Multi-Session Personalized Tool Calling

Yejin Yoon·Minseo Kim·Taeuk Kim

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Abstract

Users often omit essential details in their requests to LLM-based agents, resulting in under-specified inputs for tool use. This poses a fundamental challenge for tool-augmented agents, as API execution typically requires complete arguments, highlighting the need for personalized tool calling. To study this problem in a more realistic setup, we present Multi-Session Personalized Tool Calling (MPT), a benchmark comprising 4,695 instances over 459 multi-session interaction histories that cover three challenges: Preference Recall, Induction, and Transfer. We further propose PRefine, a test-time memory method that maintains the user's latent preference as a textual hypothesis revised through a generate-verify-refine loop. Across five LLMs, existing memory systems underperform full-history prompting; PRefine outperforms all baselines and alone surpasses it on Preference Transfer. These results indicate that memory for personalized agents must abstract behavior into preferences, rather than simply archive it.

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Yejin Yoon, Minseo Kim, Taeuk Kim. 2026-04-20. Latent Preference Modeling for Multi-Session Personalized Tool Calling. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.17886

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