Incentivizing Neuro-symbolic Language-based Reasoning in VLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Karthic Palaniappan

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arXiv · 2604.22062

Incentivizing Neuro-symbolic Language-based Reasoning in VLMs via Reinforcement Learning

Karthic Palaniappan

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Abstract

There are 7,407 languages in the world. But, what about the languages that are not there in the world? Are humans so narrow minded that we don't care about the languages aliens communicate in? Aliens are humans too! In the 2016 movie Arrival, Amy Adams plays a linguist, Dr. Louise Banks who, by learning to think in an alien language (Heptapod) formed of non-sequential sentences, gains the ability to transcend time and look into the future. In this work, I aim to explore the representation and reasoning of vision-language concepts in a neuro-symbolic language, and study improvement in analytical reasoning abilities and efficiency of "thinking systems". With Qwen3-VL-2B-Instruct as base model and 4 $\times$ Nvidia H200 GPU nodes, I achieve an accuracy improvement of 3.33\% on a vision-language evaluation dataset consisting of math, science, and general knowledge questions, while reducing the reasoning tokens by 75\% over SymPy. I've documented the compute challenges faced, scaling possibilities, and the future work to improve thinking in a neuro-symbolic language in vision-language models. The training and inference setup can be found here: https://github.com/i-like-bfs-and-dfs/wolfram-reasoning.

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Karthic Palaniappan. 2026-04-23. Incentivizing Neuro-symbolic Language-based Reasoning in VLMs via Reinforcement Learning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.22062

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