Escaping Mode Collapse in LLM Generation via Geometric Regulation

Xin Du; Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

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arXiv · 2605.00435

Escaping Mode Collapse in LLM Generation via Geometric Regulation

Xin Du·Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

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Abstract

Mode collapse is a persistent challenge in generative modeling and appears in autoregressive text generation as behaviors ranging from explicit looping to gradual loss of diversity and premature trajectory convergence. We take a dynamical-systems view and reinterpret mode collapse as reduced state-space accessibility caused by *geometric collapse*: during generation, the model's internal trajectory becomes confined to a low-dimensional region of its representation space. This implies mode collapse is not purely a token-level phenomenon and cannot be reliably solved by symbolic constraints or probability-only decoding heuristics. Guided by this perspective, we propose *Reinforced Mode Regulation* (RMR), a lightweight, online state-space intervention that regulates dominant self-reinforcing directions in the Transformer value cache (implemented as low-rank damping). Across multiple large language models, RMR substantially reduces mode collapse and enables stable generation at extremely low entropy rates (down to 0.8 nats/step), whereas standard decoding typically collapses near 2.0 nats/step.

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Xin Du, Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii. 2026-05-01. Escaping Mode Collapse in LLM Generation via Geometric Regulation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00435

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