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arXiv · 2605.02188

3D Quantum Hall Effect with Two Distinct Plateaus

Jun-Hong Li·Yi-Yuan Chen·Peng-Lu Zhao·Hai-Zhou Lu·X. C. Xie
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Abstract

The recent discovery of the 3D quantum Hall effect in $\mathrm{HfTe_5}$ has also revealed puzzling signatures of possible 3D fractionalization. Beyond the first plateau associated with the lowest Landau band, Hall conductivity exhibits a second plateau with a value of about $3/5$ of the first, accompanied by a suppressed longitudinal resistivity. Here, we attribute this second plateau to an insulating ground state arising from spin-density-wave order. We show that a magnetic-field-driven Lifshitz transition causes the spin-down holelike zeroth Landau band to cross the Fermi energy and that the resulting nesting between the lowest spin-up and spin-down Landau bands induces a spin-density wave. We calculate the Hall and longitudinal resistivity and reproduce the experimental behaviors. Our renormalization-group analysis further supports this insulating ground state. Our work reveals that the tunability of Landau bands along the magnetic-field direction endows the 3D quantum Hall effect with a broader phenomenology than its 2D counterpart and merits further exploration.

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Jun-Hong Li, Yi-Yuan Chen, Peng-Lu Zhao, Hai-Zhou Lu, X. C. Xie. 2026-05-04. 3D Quantum Hall Effect with Two Distinct Plateaus. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.02188

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