Searcharxiv⌕ Search
Home/Archive/arXiv

arXiv · 2605.04493

The unique, universal entropy for complex systems

Kenric P. Nelson
View original source ↗Read source document ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

An axiomatic foundation regarding the entropy for complex systems is established. Missing from decades of research was the requirement that entropy must measure the uncertainty at the informational scale of the maximizing distribution, where the log-log slope equals $-1$. Additionally, entropy must be extensive across the full universality scaling classes defined by Hanel-Thurner. The coupled entropy, maximized by the coupled stretched exponential distributions, is proven to be the unique, universal entropy that satisfies these requirements. The non-additivity of the entropy is equal to the long-range dependence or nonlinear statistical coupling. The entropy-matched extensivity is a function of the coupling, stretching parameter, and dimensions. Evidence is provided that the Tsallis $q$-statistics creates misalignment in the physical modeling of complex systems. Information thermodynamic applications are reviewed, including measuring complexity, a zeroth law of temperature, the thermodynamic consistency of the coupled free energy, and a model of intelligence in non-equilibrium.

Explore related subjects

cond-mat.stat-mechcs.ITmath.IT

Keep this discovery

BibTeXRIS

Kenric P. Nelson. 2026-05-06. The unique, universal entropy for complex systems. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.04493

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related papers

arXiv2026

Universal sampling of spin systems across quenched disorder

Statistical physics extracts macroscopic laws by averaging over the many microscopic degrees of freedom of a system. Disordered systems demand a second and far harder average, one over the quenched randomness itself. The classic analytical routes, the replica and cavity methods, become uncontrolled outside mean-field or tree-like limits, and conventional numerical algorithms like parallel tempering require expensive, independent equilibration for every disorder realization. In this work, we introduce a universal neural variational framework that amortizes inference across the disorder ensemble, eliminating both the need for per-instance Markov chain equilibration and the cost of retraining instance-specific variational ansatzes. Built on an encoder-decoder Transformer architecture, after training once, it produces an explicit approximation to the Boltzmann distribution given previously unseen disorder realizations without further optimization. We validate this framework on 2D Edwards-Anderson models, and apply it to the random-bond Ising model, successfully capturing the Binder cumulant crossings near the Nishimori multicritical point. These results shift the object of variational inference from the single instance to the disorder ensemble, opening a route to frustrated many-body systems where instance-by-instance computation is prohibitive.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2026

Information-Theoretic Characterization of Macroscopic Chaos Emerging from the Chemical Master Equation

Open chemical reaction networks exhibit stochastic concentration dynamics at finite system sizes, whereas their macroscopic limit is governed by deterministic rate equations that can display chaos. In this Letter, we show theoretically that a rate of information loss constructed from two-time mutual information recovers the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy in the deterministic limit. We verify this result through numerical simulations of a Markov jump process for a three-species system involving seven reactions.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗
arXiv2026

Orientational order on non-orientable domains

We study the statistical properties of passive and active many-body systems with orientational degrees of freedom on non-orientable domains. By rephrasing topological constraints as non-local symmetry relations on an orientable double-cover, we show that non-orientability eliminates global rotational soft modes without acting like an external field. In a passive XY model, this results in topological caging, where orientational fluctuations that exhibit conventional diffusive behavior on a torus saturate on a Klein bottle to a finite value that we compute exactly in the thermodynamic limit. In models of active self-propelled particles with orientational degrees of freedom, topological caging persists despite continuously changing interaction neighborhoods. In an active Ising spin model, non-orientability enforces the coexistence of ordered anti-parallel domains with vanishing global polar order, a state that is absent on orientable domains.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗