Performance Characterization of dApps in Open Radio Access Networks

Conrado Boeira; Eduardo Baena; Andrea Lacava; Tommaso Melodia; Dimitrios Koutsonikolas; Israat Haque

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arXiv · 2605.05426

Performance Characterization of dApps in Open Radio Access Networks

Conrado Boeira·Eduardo Baena·Andrea Lacava·Tommaso Melodia·Dimitrios Koutsonikolas·Israat Haque

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Abstract

Despite recommendations to deploy real-time Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) applications (dApps) in containerized environments, existing approaches predominantly rely on bare-metal servers. Moreover, current dApp deployments offer limited visibility into the resource usage patterns of both intelligent and non-intelligent dApps, hindering informed deployment decisions. This work addresses these gaps by implementing and evaluating representative dApps across multiple deployment scenarios (bare-metal and containers) to characterize the trade-offs in latency, scalability, and resource utilization. Additionally, we identify key performance bottlenecks and demonstrate how offloading dApps to emerging hardware accelerators, such as smart Network Interface Cards (NICs), can alleviate these limitations and improve real-time responsiveness in O-RAN systems.

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Conrado Boeira, Eduardo Baena, Andrea Lacava, Tommaso Melodia, Dimitrios Koutsonikolas, Israat Haque. 2026-05-06. Performance Characterization of dApps in Open Radio Access Networks. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.05426

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