Inclusive charm and bottom quark pair production cross sections at hadron colliders at next-to-next-to-leading-order accuracy

Abstract

The inclusive cross sections for charm ($\mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}}$) and bottom ($\mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}}$) quark-antiquark pair production in proton-proton, proton-antiproton, and proton-nucleus collisions are studied over a wide range of center-of-mass energies, $\sqrt{s}\approx 10$ GeV--400 TeV. All existing data over $\sqrt{s}\approx 10$ GeV--14 TeV are collected and compared to calculations at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) accuracy using the new fixed-order MaunaKea open-source code for varying sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs). Relative to next-to-leading-order (NLO) predictions, the NNLO cross sections are enhanced by up to a factor of two, with the associated theoretical scale uncertainties reduced by the same amount, leading to agreement with experimental data over the full range of collision energies. The NNLO results are also compared with NLO predictions obtained within the SACOT-$m_{_\mathrm{T}}$ general-mass variable-flavour-number scheme. Despite still sizable theoretical and experimental uncertainties, $\mathrm{c}\overline{\mathrm{c}}$ cross section at multi-TeV energies can provide extra constraints on the gluon density at very small-$x$ in global PDF analyses. In the bottom sector, more precise cross section measurements at low energies, $\sqrt{s}\approx 10$--100 GeV, can help constraint the bottom-quark pole mass.