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arXiv · 2605.19711

Can Large Language Models Reliably Correct Errors in Low-Resource ASR? A Contamination-Aware Case Study on West Frisian

Yun Hao·Reihaneh Amooie·Wietse de Vries·Rik van Noord·Martijn Wieling
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Abstract

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) has improved substantially in recent years, yet performance remains limited for low-resource languages. Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for improving ASR through generative error correction (GER), but their effectiveness in low-resource settings remains underexplored. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent data contamination influences the reported improvements in LLM-based GER. This study investigates LLM-based GER for low-resource Frisian. In addition to a public corpus, we construct and use a Frisian offline dataset with non-public texts for evaluation to control for potential data contamination. Results show that GER improves ASR performance in most settings, with the best GPT-5.1 results surpassing oracle WERs. Comparable gains on the offline dataset indicate that improvements reflect true correction ability. We further provide a detailed error analysis revealing model correction patterns.

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Yun Hao, Reihaneh Amooie, Wietse de Vries, Rik van Noord, Martijn Wieling. 2026-05-19. Can Large Language Models Reliably Correct Errors in Low-Resource ASR? A Contamination-Aware Case Study on West Frisian. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.19711

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