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arXiv · 2605.28669

Sense Representations Are Inducible Interfaces

Jan Christian Blaise Cruz·Alham Fikri Aji
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Abstract

Sense representations (explicit, per-token meaning decompositions) are useful for disambiguation, steering, and cross-lingual alignment, but existing approaches require models to be pretrained with sense structure baked in. We introduce ACROS, which induces an explicit sense pathway into a frozen pretrained decoder LM through a gated residual addition. On SmolLM2-360M, ACROS preserves base LM quality while supporting three uses of the same induced variables: zero-shot word-sense disambiguation (64.95 F1 on Raganato ALL, competitive with the WordNet first-sense heuristic), low-KL lexical steering across 5,161 CoInCo cases where a simple non-oracle proxy recovers about 90% of positive shifts, and SENSIA cross-lingual adaptation to four languages (mean R@1 0.988, target FLORES PPL 7.94). ACROS makes sense representations an inducible interface for ordinary pretrained LMs.

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Jan Christian Blaise Cruz, Alham Fikri Aji. 2026-05-27. Sense Representations Are Inducible Interfaces. https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.28669

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