Modified Scattering for the Time-Dependent Kohn--Sham Equation

Abstract

We study the long-time behavior of the (critical) Kohn--Sham equation in two and three dimensions, i.e.,\[ \mathrm{i} \partial_t {\gamma} = \Big[-\frac{1}{2}\Delta + \lambda \, |\cdot|^{-1} \ast \rho_{{\gamma}} + \mu \, \rho_{{\gamma}}^{1/d}, {\gamma} \Big] \quad \text{for} \quad d=2,3. \] By introducing a suitable ''square root'' of the density matrix and exploiting the pseudo-conformal transform, we establish global well-posedness for small initial data in an appropriate weighted Schatten norm. We also prove the optimal time decay of the particle density and establish modified scattering for small and localized solutions. In particular, our results provide a resolution to the open problems proposed by Pusateri and Sigal (2021) for the critical and subcritical regimes, rigorously proving their conjectures regarding modified scattering in the critical case and linear scattering in the subcritical cases. Our results place these scattering phenomena in the operator-valued setting of density matrices, thereby extending the classical scalar theory to a broader framework.