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arXiv · 2606.07523

Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering

Samir Wagle·Abiral Adhikari·Reewaj Khanal·Batsal Bhandari·Prashant Manandhar·Praveen Acharya·Bal Krishna Bal
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Abstract

Legal domains in high-resource languages like English have widely adopted artificial intelligence for legal question answering. However, data scarcity in low resource languages such as Nepali has limited the training of large language models on Nepali legal texts. This study presents the first application of a Retrieval Augmented Generation based model for Nepali legal question answering using case laws extracted from the Nepal Kanun Patrika digital archive. Using BM25 on chunked documents, the approach achieved a top precision at one of 91 percent, and up to 75 percent with the multilingual E5 large model. Evaluation of generated answers showed 74 percent groundedness, 85 percent truthfulness according to an automated judge model, and 84 percent human evaluated truthfulness when using BM25 document retrieval, with a 92 percent successful answer generation rate. These results demonstrate that the RAG pipeline can effectively address the gap in legal question answering for low resource languages and provide a foundation for reliable AI systems in the Nepali legal domain.

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Samir Wagle, Abiral Adhikari, Reewaj Khanal, Batsal Bhandari, Prashant Manandhar, Praveen Acharya, Bal Krishna Bal. 2026-04-20. Retrieval Augmented Generation Framework for the Nepali Legal Domain Question Answering. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07523

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