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arXiv · 2606.07679

PyCBC Live Search for Compact Binary Mergers in Advanced LIGO and Virgo's Fourth Observing Run

Max Trevor·Gareth S. Cabourn Davies·Tito Dal Canton·Thomas Dent·Ian Harry·Stephanie Hoang·Arthur Tolley
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Abstract

PyCBC Live is a low-latency search pipeline that identifies gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences and provides alerts for electromagnetic follow-up. This paper presents improvements to PyCBC Live that were implemented for the fourth observing run (O4) of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA network, which operated from May 2023 to November 2025. The ranking statistic was enhanced to incorporate time-dependent background modeling using data quality streams and daily updates of the noise model. Follow-up capabilities were improved through refined probability of astrophysical origin calculations, optimized SNR recovery with reduced computational cost, and a method to incorporate Virgo as a sky-map-only detector. An Early Warning search was implemented to detect binary neutron star and neutron star-black hole systems before merger, providing pre-merger alerts with a pipeline latency of 2.5-3.5 seconds and warning times up to 60 seconds before coalescence. The autogating procedure was extended to apply to the full strain buffer rather than individual analysis segments, improving rejection of loud and rapidly successive glitches. Performance validation using the Mock Data Challenge showed sensitivity improvements of factors of 1.7 to 2.3 for the coincident search depending on source mass at an inverse false alarm rate of 10 years, and factors of 1.3 to 1.7 for the single-detector search. For injections in two-detector time, the O4 configuration identified 1979 of 2495 injections with a decisive SNR greater than 6 at a false alarm rate below one per year (79.3%), compared to 1262 (50.6%) with the O3 configuration. For injections in single-detector time, the O4 configuration identified 218 of 1174 injections (18.6%), compared to 170 (14.5%) with the O3 configuration. The search maintained a median latency of 15.94 seconds from merger to candidate upload.

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Max Trevor, Gareth S. Cabourn Davies, Tito Dal Canton, Thomas Dent, Ian Harry, Stephanie Hoang, Arthur Tolley. 2026-06-04. PyCBC Live Search for Compact Binary Mergers in Advanced LIGO and Virgo's Fourth Observing Run. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.07679

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