TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learning

Ashish Acharya; Anish Khatiwada; Rohit Khadka; Pragya Aryal

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arXiv · 2606.08770

TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learning

Ashish Acharya·Anish Khatiwada·Rohit Khadka·Pragya Aryal

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Abstract

The analysis of internet memes in the Nepali language is complicated by frequent code-mixing and a lack of established baseline resources. While memes inherently combine visual and textual elements, this study focuses on a text-centric approach by extracting embedded text using an OCR layer and modeling it with Transformer-based architectures. We evaluate six distinct models and investigate the comparative effectiveness of Hard and Soft Voting ensemble strategies across two tasks: binary hate speech detection and three-class sentiment analysis. Experimental results show that a standalone decoder-only model achieved the highest performance for binary classification, whereas the Soft Voting ensemble performed best for the multi-class sentiment task, yielding a 15.8% relative improvement in Macro F1-score over the strongest standalone baseline. These findings suggest that ensemble strategies behave differently across binary and multi-class tasks, highlighting the importance of selecting aggregation methods suited to the classification objective.

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Ashish Acharya, Anish Khatiwada, Rohit Khadka, Pragya Aryal. 2026-06-07. TeamHerald@CHIPSAL 2026: Hate Speech Detection and Sentiment Analysis of Nepali Memes using Transformer-based Architectures and Ensemble Learning. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.08770

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