Towards Robust Arabic Speech Emotion Recognition with Deep Learning

Abstract

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) aims to identify a speaker's emotional state from audio signals. While recent advances in deep learning have significantly improved SER performance in Indo-European languages, Arabic SER remains underexplored and challenging due to dialectal diversity, limited annotated datasets, and the difficulty of modeling both local spectral cues and long-range temporal dependencies. To address these limitations, this study investigates whether hybrid architectures that jointly model spatial and contextual information can improve emotion recognition in Arabic speech. We propose and evaluate a comparative framework involving three architectures: a CNN-LSTM model, a CNN-Transformer model, and a fine-tuned wav2vec 2.0 model. The first two models leverage MFCC and spectrogram-based representations, while wav2vec 2.0 operates directly on raw audio through self-supervised representations. Experiments conducted on the EYASE and BAVED datasets demonstrate that the proposed CNN-Transformer architecture significantly outperforms the other models, achieving an accuracy of 98.1 percent. This result highlights the effectiveness of combining convolutional feature extraction with Transformer-based global context modeling. The main contribution of this work lies in providing a systematic comparison of hybrid and self-supervised approaches for Arabic SER, and in demonstrating that CNN-Transformer architectures offer a robust solution for capturing both spectral and long-range dependencies in low-resource and dialectally diverse settings.