$\Lambda$(1520) as a probe of resonance-driven deuteron formation at the LHC

Abstract

Light nuclei such as deuterons are produced abundantly in high-energy proton-proton and nuclear collisions despite their tiny binding energies. Their production mechanism remains unresolved, as both nucleon coalescence and statistical thermal models reproduce inclusive LHC yields. We propose a direct invariant-mass observable that discriminates between these scenarios using the long-lived $\Lambda(1520) \to {\rm pK}$ resonance. If decay protons coalesce into deuterons, the produced nuclei remain correlated with the kaon, allowing the resonance peak to be reconstructed experimentally through proxy masses, $M_{\rm (d/2)K}$, formed from kaons and half the deuteron four-momentum. Using Thermal-FIST and PYTHIA with a deuteron coalescence afterburner, we show that a $M_{\rm (d/2)K}$ peak emerges only in the coalescence scenario. This observable provides a direct experimental probe of resonance-fed deuteron production and of late-stage coalescence dynamics in high-energy collisions.