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arXiv · 2606.13762

IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a

The IceCube Collaboration·R. Abbasi·M. Ackermann·J. Adams·J. A. Aguilar·M. Ahlers·J. M. Alameddine·S. Ali·N. M. Amin·K. Andeen·C. Argüelles·Y. Ashida·S. Athanasiadou·S. N. Axani·R. Babu·X. Bai·A. Balagopal V.·S. W. Barwick·V. Basu·R. Bay·J. J. Beatty·J. Becker Tjus·P. Behrens·J. Beise·C. Bellenghi·S. Benkel·S. BenZvi·D. Berley·E. Bernardini·D. Z. Besson·E. Blaufuss·L. Bloom·S. Blot·F. Bontempo·J. Y. Book Motzkin·C. Boscolo Meneguolo·S. Böser·O. Botner·J. Böttcher·J. Braun·B. Brinson·Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis·L. Brusa·R. T. Burley·D. Butterfield·K. Carloni·J. Carpio·N. Chau·Y. C. Chen·Z. Chen·D. Chirkin·S. Choi·A. Chubarov·B. A. Clark·G. H. Collin·D. A. Coloma Borja·A. Connolly·J. M. Conrad·D. F. Cowen·C. De Clercq·J. J. DeLaunay·D. Delgado·T. Delmeulle·S. Deng·P. Desiati·K. D. de Vries·G. de Wasseige·T. DeYoung·J. C. Díaz-Vélez·S. DiKerby·T. Ding·M. Dittmer·A. Domi·L. Draper·L. Dueser·D. Durnford·K. Dutta·M. A. DuVernois·T. Ehrhardt·L. Eidenschink·A. Eimer·C. Eldridge·P. Eller·E. Ellinger·D. Elsässer·R. Engel·H. Erpenbeck·W. Esmail·S. Eulig·J. Evans·P. A. Evenson·K. L. Fan·K. Fang·K. Farrag·A. R. Fazely·A. Fedynitch·N. Feigl·C. Finley·D. Fox·A. Franckowiak
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Abstract

Gravitational-wave events from mergers of compact objects are a predicted source of high-energy neutrinos. Using data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, we search for neutrinos coincident with 85 significant and 945 low-significance gravitational-wave candidate events from compact binary coalescences published in real-time by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration during the first part of its fourth observing run (O4a) and its preceding engineering run, within a time window of $\pm500$ seconds centered on the merger time. We report improvements to the online pipelines, including automatic sending of notices, which has decreased the IceCube real-time response time to gravitational-wave events. In addition, we search for long-duration neutrino emission (up to two weeks after the merger) from three candidate events: two neutron star-black hole mergers, and one low-significance gravitational-wave event with a possible subthreshold gamma-ray counterpart. We use two methods, both of which have been previously used to search for neutrino emission associated with gravitational-wave transients: an unbinned maximum likelihood analysis on significant alerts and a Bayesian analysis accounting for astrophysical priors on both significant and low-significance alerts. We find no statistically significant emission from any of the individual gravitational-wave events analyzed, and set upper limits on the time-integrated flux and energy emitted in high energy neutrinos assuming isotropic emission from each event.

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The IceCube Collaboration, R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, S. Ali, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, S. N. Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., S. W. Barwick, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, P. Behrens, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, S. Benkel, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, B. Brinson, Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, D. Butterfield, K. Carloni, J. Carpio, N. Chau, Y. C. Chen, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, A. Chubarov, B. A. Clark, G. H. Collin, D. A. Coloma Borja, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, D. F. Cowen, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, D. Delgado, T. Delmeulle, S. Deng, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, S. DiKerby, T. Ding, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, L. Draper, L. Dueser, D. Durnford, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, L. Eidenschink, A. Eimer, C. Eldridge, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, D. Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, W. Esmail, S. Eulig, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, K. L. Fan, K. Fang, K. Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, N. Feigl, C. Finley, D. Fox, A. Franckowiak. 2026-06-11. IceCube Real-time Searches for High-energy Neutrinos Coincident with LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA Gravitational-Wave Alerts in O4a. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.13762

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