Toten: A Knowledge-Based System For Structure-Preserving Representation Of Physical Quantities And Technical Notation In Brazilian Portuguese

Antonio de Sousa Leitão Filho; Allan Kardec Duailibe Barros Filho; Fabrício Saul Lima. Selby Mykael Lima dos Santos; Rejani Bandeira Vieira Sousa

arXiv · 2606.19626

Toten: A Knowledge-Based System For Structure-Preserving Representation Of Physical Quantities And Technical Notation In Brazilian Portuguese

Antonio de Sousa Leitão Filho·Allan Kardec Duailibe Barros Filho·Fabrício Saul Lima. Selby Mykael Lima dos Santos·Rejani Bandeira Vieira Sousa

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Abstract

AI pipelines that reason quantitatively over technical text depend on input where physical quantities, numbers, units, and symbolic expressions arrive intact; when these entities fragment at tokenization, errors propagate downstream. Byte-Pair Encoding, optimized for vocabulary compression, is blind to such entities and fragments them into arbitrary subwords -- a problem aggravated in technical Brazilian Portuguese. We present TOTEN, a knowledge-based system whose input representation preserves each technical entity as a whole, typed unit: vocabulary is not derived statistically but classified declaratively under a formal ontology of engineering entities (OEE). The core is the triple : types, principles, and invariants; a classifier mapping raw text into typed regions; and instantiators yielding a self-descriptive representation. Integrity rests on deterministic coupling to three external authorities: Pint (dimensional), Unicode Character Database (typographic), and RSLP (Portuguese morphology). We evaluate four properties verifiable by construction -- atomicity, dimensional equivalence, typographic robustness, numerical reconstruction -- on an internal benchmark (EngQuant, N=800) and four Brazilian Portuguese external corpora (N=1771 eligible cases), and report detection recall. Against eight state-of-the-art baselines, TOTEN reaches unit atomicity in all contrasts and reconstruction of 0.775-0.904 externally vs. 0.627-0.703 for the best (Quantulum3); on EngQuant, 0.780 vs. 0.340. Differences are significant (McNemar, Holm-corrected). Spearman correlation between internal and external rankings confirms concurrent validity of the control benchmark. TOTEN shows statistical parity with Pint in dimensional equivalence. The result is a structurally faithful, auditable, low-cost input layer for intelligent systems on technical knowledge, without generative models.

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Antonio de Sousa Leitão Filho, Allan Kardec Duailibe Barros Filho, Fabrício Saul Lima. Selby Mykael Lima dos Santos, Rejani Bandeira Vieira Sousa. 2026-06-17. Toten: A Knowledge-Based System For Structure-Preserving Representation Of Physical Quantities And Technical Notation In Brazilian Portuguese. https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.19626

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