Adapting a 3D scanning water phantom for use in brachytherapy dosimetry

Abstract

In external beam radiotherapy, 3D scanning water phantoms are the gold standard for obtaining relative dosimetry data. These phantoms, consisting of a water tank and mechanical arm, along with accompanying software, are de-signed to acquire dose profiles along and orthogonal to the beam axis. In brachy-therapy, the acquisition of analogous dose profiles is more difficult, and is generally achieved with complex custom-built phantoms or chemical dosimeters such as film or gel. In this study, a low-cost 3D-printed jig was designed and fabricated within a clinical department, to allow precise brachytherapy dose measurements using a PTW BeamScan water phantom. Specifically, this jig al-lowed applicators to be suspended securely and reproducibly within the water phantom. Protocols were developed to relate the scanning system coordinates to the physical source position, and to obtain isodose planes both parallel and radial to the source axis. The developed solution has the potential to be used for physical verification of TG43 dose calculation parameters (e.g. anisotropy functions), the characterization of dose for a single dwell position in a complex applicator containing non-water equivalent materials, or the collection of point dose measure-ments for treatments incorporating multiple dwell positions or catheters.