Asymmetric fractional coupled magnetizable piezoelectric beams with infinite viscoelastic memory: polynomial decay and sharpness of the decay rate

Abstract

This paper studies the long-time dynamics of a coupled hyperbolic system for magnetizable piezoelectric beams with infinite viscoelastic memory. Memory dissipation is characterized by $A^\alpha$, the fractional power of a positive self-adjoint operator $A$ with $\alpha\in[0,1)$. An asymmetric fractional magnetoelectric coupling is adopted: the mechanical-to-magnetic coupling uses integer-order operator $A$, while the magnetic feedback to mechanics is governed by fractional operator $A^\beta$ ($\beta\in[0,1)$). This model bridges the gap between the well-studied integer coupling case ($\beta=1$) and the unsolved fully fractional symmetric coupling problem, offering a universal framework for related coupled systems. Under mild assumptions on memory kernels and system parameters, we prove well-posedness via semigroup theory and derive an explicit polynomial decay estimate for smooth initial data: \[ \|X(t)\|_{\mathcal H} \le C t^{-\frac{1}{4-2\beta-2\alpha}}\|X_0\|_{D(\mathcal A)},\quad \forall\,t\ge 1, \] where the decay exponent is explicitly determined by $\alpha$ and $\beta$. For exponentially decaying memory kernels, the decay rate is sharp if stiffness coefficients satisfy $\alpha_1\ne\alpha_2$. When $\alpha_1=\alpha_2$, we only obtain an upper bound $\delta\le \frac{1}{3-\beta-2\alpha}$ for decay index $\delta$, leaving the optimal rate open. Comparisons with integer feedback coupling ($\beta=1$) show fractional feedback ($\beta<1$) slows energy decay. It demonstrates that $\beta$ weakens indirect damping and degrades structural stabilization. The results reveal the intrinsic interaction between fractional memory dissipation and fractional coupling in strongly coupled dissipative systems.