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arXiv · 2607.01146

Strange Luttinger liquids in a cavity-embedded one-dimensional electronic chain

Danh-Phuong Nguyen·Christophe Mora·Cristiano Ciuti
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Abstract

We study a one-dimensional electronic chain coupled to a homogeneous quantized vacuum field and electron-electron interactions. In the absence of the latter, we derive a low-energy effective description in the presence of light-matter coupling, which we identify as a strange Luttinger liquid. Although it retains a formal resemblance to conventional Luttinger liquid theory, the coupling to the quantum field qualitatively modifies the low-energy sector and breaks the standard velocity relation underlying Luttinger universality. For finite electron-electron interactions, we recover a phase diagram featuring several phases as a function of interaction strength and hopping amplitude, including a phase hosting Majorana-like zero modes. Using exact diagonalization, we compute observables that characterize the phase boundaries and show that the cavity field significantly shifts them. We also study the fate of Majorana-like states under the influence of the cavity field, highlighting their modification by light-matter coupling. Finally, we investigate whether the strange Luttinger liquid description identified in the noninteracting regime continues to hold when electron-electron interactions are introduced.

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Danh-Phuong Nguyen, Christophe Mora, Cristiano Ciuti. 2026-07-01. Strange Luttinger liquids in a cavity-embedded one-dimensional electronic chain. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.01146

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