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arXiv · 2607.02567

Cross-Receiver Open-Set Radio Frequency Fingerprinting via Structure-First Adaptation

Fengchong Yao·Jianbing Li·Qing Liu·Kefeng Song·Haitao Li·Song Wang·Feixiang Wang
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Abstract

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) provides a critical physical-layer security mechanism for dynamic Internet of Things (IoT) and ad hoc networks. However, the decentralized and open nature of these networks imposes two strict deployment criteria: the credential must transfer reliably across physically dispersed, heterogeneous receivers, and it must decisively reject unregistered rogue traffic. Cross-receiver hardware shifts depress the confidence of registered devices and may also place unseen rogue transmitters in high-confidence known regions under naive domain adaptation, increasing false acceptance. To address these risks, we propose CRODA-ST, a joint optimization framework that couples Discriminative Structure Anchoring (DSA) with Rejection Oriented Alignment (ROA). Within this coupled objective, DSA establishes a stable target-known semantic foundation for shifted registered devices, while ROA regularizes the open-set decision boundaries governing rejection of unseen rogue transmitters. In the canonical WiSig setting, CRODA-ST achieves an open-set classification rate (OSCR) of 0.9580 and a target-domain false positive rate of 0.0469 at a 90% true positive rate (FPR90). A controllable LoRa simulation provides a complementary diagnostic under synthesized hardware distortions. At the distinct source-calibrated deployment operating point with rho = 0.80, CRODA-ST yields a target-unknown false acceptance rate (FAR) of 0.0075 in the evaluated setting.

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Fengchong Yao, Jianbing Li, Qing Liu, Kefeng Song, Haitao Li, Song Wang, Feixiang Wang. 2026-06-30. Cross-Receiver Open-Set Radio Frequency Fingerprinting via Structure-First Adaptation. https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.02567

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