Detection of Organics in Water Ice by Optical-PhotoThermal Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract

The detection and characterization of organic molecules within water ice is vital for interpreting observations of icy moons and comets. However, organic-ice interactions often distort intrinsic water-ice absorption features, complicating infrared (IR) spectral analysis. This study evaluated Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy as a non-destructive, sub-micrometer resolution technique to detect and quantify embedded organics. Using a temperature-controlled sample environment to maintain ice stability, frozen mixtures of amino and hydroxy acids were analyzed across a broad concentration range. L-glycine was successfully detected down to approximately $10^{-6}\text{ M}$, yielding an experimental limit of detection (LOD) of $0.2\,\mu\text{M}$ and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of $3.83\,\mu\text{M}$. Furthermore, O-PTIR measurements of binary mixtures containing L-glycine and lactic acid demonstrated the capacity to differentiate and quantify multiple organic components within a single ice matrix. Notably, a broad absorption feature centered near the water-bending mode appeared exclusively in organic-bearing ice samples and was absent in pure $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ and $\text{D}_2\text{O}$ controls. Comparative analysis in these matrices revealed that embedded organics actively perturb intrinsic ice features, providing new constraints on organic-ice interactions. Ultimately, these results demonstrate that O-PTIR spectroscopy can reliably detect, quantify, and spatially resolve organic compounds in water ice while preserving crucial sample context. The technique offers a promising framework for future laboratory investigations of icy planetary materials and directly informs the interpretation of spectroscopic data from volatile-rich space environments.