Novel Kerr-Hernquist Black Hole: Quasibound State, Scalar Cloud, Bomb, Superradiant Scattering

Abstract

We present a novel rotating black hole solution surrounded by a Hernquist dark matter halo, obtained by applying the Newman--Janis algorithm to the exact Schwarzschild--Hernquist spacetime. The resulting Kerr--Hernquist geometry provides an axisymmetric background for investigating scalar-field dynamics in realistic dark matter environments. Using the analytical asymptotic matching method, we derive the quasibound-state spectrum, identify the conditions for scalar cloud formation and the black hole bomb instability, and obtain an analytic expression for the superradiant scattering amplification factor. We show that the halo preserves the hydrogen-like structure of the quasibound-state spectrum while introducing corrections governed by the combination $\rho_0 r_0^3$. Increasing the halo density and scale radius enhances the scalar-field binding energy, lowers the critical field mass for scalar cloud formation, suppresses the growth rate of the superradiant instability for co-rotating modes ($m_\ell>0$), and accelerates the decay of counter-rotating modes ($m_\ell<0$). Furthermore, the dark matter halo reduces both the magnitude and frequency range of superradiant amplification, thereby weakening energy extraction from the black hole. These results demonstrate that the Kerr--Hernquist geometry provides a unified framework for studying quasibound states, scalar clouds, black hole bombs, and superradiant scattering, while revealing how a Hernquist dark matter halo leaves observable imprints on the spectrum and stability of rotating black holes.