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David Senjaya

Publications and source records attributed to David Senjaya.

16 recordsLinked to original sources

A Novel Kerr-like Black Hole in a General Double Power Law Dark Matter Environment: Geometry, Spectroscopy, and Energy Extraction

We construct a novel Kerr-like black hole solution embedded in a general double power law dark matter environment by applying the Newman--Janis algorithm to a Schwarzschild-like seed geometry. This framework provides a unified rotating spacetime for arbitrary double power law density profiles and reveals how dark matter modifies the horizon structure, extremal spin, and curvature properties of rotating black holes. Remarkably, we find that the rotation--halo interplay can eliminate essential curvature singularities for Dehnen-type profiles with $\gamma\leq2$, despite the singular nature of the corresponding static configurations. We then investigate the spectroscopic signatures of the dark matter environment through massive scalar perturbations in the Dehnen $(1,4,\gamma)$ halo. Using an analytical low-frequency matching method, we derive the quasibound state spectrum, the onset condition for scalar cloud formation, and superradiant amplification factor, showing that the halo parameters $\rho_0 r_0^3$ and $\gamma$ leave characteristic imprints on the scalar spectrum. Increasing the halo density or the cusp strengthens the binding of quasibound states and enhances their decay, shifts the scalar cloud threshold, and suppresses superradiant amplification effectivity by narrowing the allowed frequency window and lowering the amplification factor peak. Finally, we analyze rotational energy extraction from thermal scalar fields and demonstrate that the efficiency is controlled by the interplay between the thermal spectrum and the superradiant instability, with lower temperatures and less cuspy density profiles yielding more efficient energy extraction.

gr-qc

Novel Kerr-Hernquist Black Hole: Quasibound State, Scalar Cloud, Bomb, Superradiant Scattering

We present a novel rotating black hole solution surrounded by a Hernquist dark matter halo, obtained by applying the Newman--Janis algorithm to the exact Schwarzschild--Hernquist spacetime. The resulting Kerr--Hernquist geometry provides an axisymmetric background for investigating scalar-field dynamics in realistic dark matter environments. Using the analytical asymptotic matching method, we derive the quasibound-state spectrum, identify the conditions for scalar cloud formation and the black hole bomb instability, and obtain an analytic expression for the superradiant scattering amplification factor. We show that the halo preserves the hydrogen-like structure of the quasibound-state spectrum while introducing corrections governed by the combination $\rho_0 r_0^3$. Increasing the halo density and scale radius enhances the scalar-field binding energy, lowers the critical field mass for scalar cloud formation, suppresses the growth rate of the superradiant instability for co-rotating modes ($m_\ell>0$), and accelerates the decay of counter-rotating modes ($m_\ell<0$). Furthermore, the dark matter halo reduces both the magnitude and frequency range of superradiant amplification, thereby weakening energy extraction from the black hole. These results demonstrate that the Kerr--Hernquist geometry provides a unified framework for studying quasibound states, scalar clouds, black hole bombs, and superradiant scattering, while revealing how a Hernquist dark matter halo leaves observable imprints on the spectrum and stability of rotating black holes.

gr-qc

Exact Einsteinian Black Hole Solution in Dark Matter Environment

Motivated by the growing recent interest in black hole solutions immersed in astrophysical dark matter environments, we construct an exact static, spherically symmetric black hole solution sourced by a King dark matter halo through the full Einstein field equations and investigate the physical consequences of the surrounding halo on the resulting spacetime geometry. The influence of the halo on optical phenomena is analyzed via null geodesics, where we show that the dark matter environment substantially modifies photon trajectories, displaces the circular photon orbits, and deforms the associated gravitational lensing structure. By evaluating the Lyapunov exponent of unstable null geodesics, we further determine the corresponding behavior of massless quasinormal modes in the eikonal regime, revealing explicit corrections to the oscillation and damping spectrum induced by the halo. We then explore the thermodynamic properties of the black hole--halo system by computing the conserved mass, Hawking temperature, entropy, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy, allowing for a detailed assessment of both local and global thermal stability. Our analysis demonstrates that the dark matter halo increases the radius of the photon sphere and the apparent shadow, enlarges the domain of thermodynamic stability, and generates nontrivial phase structures absent in the vacuum Schwarzschild case. These results highlight that realistic dark matter environments can produce observable and thermodynamic deviations from isolated black hole geometries, potentially offering novel signatures of halo-induced gravitational effects.

gr-qc

Tuning A Rotating Black Hole Spectrum with Dark Matter Halo: Quasibound States, Scalar Cloud, Black Hole Bomb and Superradiant Scattering

We investigate the spectral dynamics of a rotating black hole embedded in a Dehnen $(1,4,\gamma)$ dark matter halo, where quasibound states and superradiant scattering jointly characterize the physical response of the system. Starting from an exact Schwarzschild--Dehnen solution, we construct its rotating counterpart via the Newman--Janis algorithm, yielding a consistent axisymmetric geometry that incorporates the influence of a structured halo. The Dehnen profile, through its inner slope parameter $\gamma$, introduces a controlled deformation of both the near-horizon and asymptotic regions of the spacetime. Using the analytical asymptotic matching method, we derive the quasibound-state spectrum and show that the real part of the frequency retains a hydrogen-like structure, but is systematically shifted by the halo through the effective mass scale $\rho_0 r_0^3/(\gamma-3)$. In particular, denser, more extended, and more cuspy halos enhance the binding energy, lower the critical mass required for the onset of instability, and typically suppress the growth rate of the black hole bomb. In the scattering sector, we obtain an analytic expression for the superradiant amplification factor and find that the same halo properties that strengthen binding effects also tend to narrow the superradiant window. These results demonstrate that quasibound states and superradiant scattering are complementary manifestations of a unified spectral structure, with the Dehnen halo acting as an environmental tuner that imprints its properties directly onto both the resonance spectrum and the energy-extraction channels of the rotating black hole.

gr-qc

Quasi-bound States of Scalar field inside the Dyonic Kerr-Sen Black Hole

We found sets of exact analytic quasi-stationary states of a massive scalar field in a dyonic Kerr-Sen black hole~(DKSBH) background in the maximally extended spacetime region. A central novelty is the use of horizon-regular ingoing Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates, which enables a direct and unambiguous imposition of the ingoing boundary condition at the horizon. The exact radial solutions are in the form of confluent Heun functions. Imposing regularity at spatial infinity enforces a series truncation condition, yielding an exact quantization of the quasi-stationary frequencies. The spectrum exhibits a rich multi-branch structure, which we show splits into two distinct classes: modes that are insensitive to the black hole spin and charges and modes that explicitly depend on them. We uncover a clear asymmetry between co-rotating and counter-rotating configurations, driven by the spin-angular momentum coupling, as well as a systematic shift of the spectrum induced by electric and magnetic charges. The physical branches exhibit a universal behavior: modes with positive real frequency possess positive imaginary parts and therefore grow exponentially in time, whereas modes with negative real frequency are damped and decay. This suggests that positive-energy excitations in the region behind the outer horizon including the inner region of the inner horizon which contains the closed-timelike-curve, exponentially destabilize the background spacetime, supporting Hawking's chronology protection conjecture. In addition, the purely imaginary modes contain no oscillatory component and hence do not propagate through the spacetime, preventing traveling excitations along closed timelike curves and remaining consistent with the conjecture.

hep-th

Thermodynamics and Geometrical Optics of Reissner Nordstrom de Sitter Black Holes in Noncommutative Geometry

We investigate the thermodynamic, optical, and dynamical properties of Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes in a noncommutative spacetime with a minimal length scale Theta. Within a two-horizon framework, we formulate an effective first law of thermodynamics and introduce an entropy capturing correlations between the event and cosmological horizons. Imposing the lukewarm condition, where both horizons share a common temperature, uniquely determines the entropy correction and yields closed-form expressions for thermodynamic quantities. The analysis reveals a noncommutativity-induced second-order phase transition, emphasizing the role of short-distance structure. On the optical side, we study photon motion and weak gravitational lensing, showing that noncommutativity modifies the effective potential and critical impact parameter. Using the Gauss-Bonnet method, we derive the weak deflection angle and analyze the effects of charge and cosmological constant. We further connect geometry and dynamics through the Lyapunov exponent and quasinormal modes, showing systematic impacts on orbital instability and damping.

hep-th

Novel exact black hole solution in Dehnen $\left(1,4,\frac32\right)$ halo thermodynamics, photon circular motion and eikonal quasinormal modes

Dehnen $(1,4,\frac32)$ dark matter halo has been proven to be a valuable model for describing the surface brightness distributions of elliptical galaxies, yet its implications for black hole spacetimes remain largely unexplored. In this work, we construct a novel exact black hole solution embedded in this Dehnen halo and investigate its physical consequences. The influence of the halo on black hole thermodynamics is analyzed through the mass function, entropy, Hawking temperature, heat capacity, and Gibbs free energy, allowing us to assess both local and global thermodynamic stability of the black hole-dark matter system. Our results show that the presence of a Dehnen-type halo not only stabilizes the otherwise thermodynamically unstable Schwarzschild black hole but also induces phase transitions. In addition, we study null geodesics to examine photon motion, the shadow radius and the optical appearance of the system. The dark matter halo modifies the effective potential, leading to observable changes in the photon sphere and the apparent size of the shadow. We also explore the instability of circular null geodesics and its relation to quasinormal modes in an eikonal limit. These findings highlight the significant role of realistic dark matter distributions in shaping both the thermodynamic behavior and the observable signatures of black holes, providing further insight into the interplay between dark matter halos and central black holes in galaxies.

gr-qc

Comment to Comment to Black Hole in Dehnen $\left(1,4,\frac{1}{2}\right)$ Dark Matter Halo: Exact Solution, Lensing, Light Ring, and Thermodynamics

The claim in \cite{Al-Badawi:2025ipr} that *"the errors in the foundational components (3) and (5) of Ref. [1] invalidate all subsequent analyses, numerical results, and physical interpretations that depend on them"* is **entirely unfounded**. This statement reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the typographical nature of the error and appears to be a misplaced critique originating from a competing author, rather than a substantive assessment of the results, which remain fully valid.

gr-qc

The Spectroscopy of the 2+1 Dimensional Analog Black Hole in Photon-Fluid Model

In this paper, we explore quasibound states (QBS), scalar cloud, Hawking radiation, superradiance, and greybody factor of relativistic massive phonon modes in a photon-fluid rotation black hole. We investigate quasibound states and scalar clouds using exact eigensolutions to the analog Klein-Gordon equation in the analog black hole background and revisit the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) upper bound on the scalar clouds' energy ratio. Using the obtained exact radial solution, we use the Damour-Ruffini method to calculate the power spectrum of the analog black hole's Hawking radiation. We then use the analytical asymptotic matching technique (AAM) to investigate the analog black hole's superradiance for low energy massive photon scattering, resulting in the analytical amplification factor and the greybody factor formulas of the analog black hole. We discover that the analog black hole in the photon-fluid model is superradiant with an energy range of $\varpi < \omega<m_\ell\Omega_H$. As a result, the greybody factors are negative for co-rotating modes in the superradiant regime.

gr-qc

Scalar Instabilities Inside The Extremal Dyonic Kerr-Sen Black Hole: Novel Exact Solutions and Chronology Protection Conjecture

We investigate the stability of test scalar fields in the region inside the extremal Dyonic Kerr-Sen black hole (DKSBH) horizon, where closed timelike curves exist. We successfully find and present the novel exact solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation in the extremal DKSBH spacetime in terms of the Double Confluent Heun functions. The spacetime stability is explored by investigating the scalar's quasiresonance~(QS) frequencies obtained from polynomial condition of the Double Confluent Heun function. We found that both massive and massless scalar quasiresonances are double branched, having purely positive and negative imaginary frequencies, therefore, do not propagate, prohibiting time travel and suggesting no violation of Hawking's Chronology Protection Conjecture (CPC). However, only the positive branch with $0\leq\Omega_0<2(n+1)$ and negative branch with $\Omega_0>2(n+1)$ that grow exponentially has the ability to destroy spacetime. Remarkably, a new mass scale $M_{p}^{2}/M$, where $M$ is the black hole mass, is found to play a crucial role. The QS zeroth modes flip sign between purely damping and purely growing when the scalar mass is at this mass scale.

gr-qc

The Spectroscopy of Kerr-Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion: Exact Quasibound States, Scalar Cloud, Horizon's Boson Statistics and Superradiance

In the present study, we investigate the quasibound states, scalar cloud and superradiance of relativistic scalar fields bound to a rotating black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion theory (Kerr-EMDA). We present the exact eigensolutions of the governing Klein-Gordon equation in the black hole background. By imposing boundary conditions on the quasibound states, we are able to find the exact complex quasibound state frequencies of the corresponding radial wave functions in terms of the confluent Heun polynomial. Considering light scalar field limit of the obtained solution, we investigate the scalar-black hole resonance configuration known as the scalar cloud. In addition, we obtain analytic relation between light scalar mass and black hole spin for scalar cloud. We explore a boson distribution function by linearly expanding the radial wave function near the black hole's event horizon. Moreover, by applying the Damour-Ruffini method, this allows us to calculate the Hawking radiation flux. In the final section, we consider propagating wave in a slowly rotating Kerr-EMDA black hole for bosons having much larger Compton wavelength comparing to the size of rotating black hole. This condition allows us to use the asymptotic matching technique to calculate the amplification factor for scalar fields in the Kerr-EMDA black hole. We present the dependence of amplification factor on black hole parameters by graphical analysis.

gr-qc

Revisiting Chronology Protection Conjecture in The Dyonic Kerr-Sen Black Hole Spacetime

The Chronology Protection Conjecture (CPC) was first introduced by Hawking after his semi-classical investigation to the behaviour of a spacetime with closed timelike curves (CTCs) in response to scalar perturbation. It is argued that there would be instabilities leading to amplification of the perturbation and finally causing collapse of the region with CTCs. In this work, we investigate the CPC by exactly solve the Klein-Gordon equation in the region inside the inner horizon of the non-extremal Dyonic Kerr-Sen~(KS) black hole, where closed timelike curves exist. Successfully find the exact radial solution, we apply the polynomial condition that turns into rule of the energy quantization. The quasinormal modes~(QNMs) of the scalar fields in the region inside the inner horizon of the rotating black hole with nonzero energy have only positive imaginary part describing states that grow in time. The exponentially growing modes will backreact and deform the spacetime region where CTC exists. The CPC is proven to be valid in the Dyonic Kerr-Sen black hole spacetime. Moreover, since the Dyonic Kerr-Sen black hole is the most general axisymmetric black hole solution of the string inspired Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion (EMDA) theory, the semiclassical proof in this work is also valid for all simpler rotating black holes of the EMDA theory. The structure of the Dyonic KS spacetime distinctive from the Kerr-Newman counterpart is also explored.

gr-qc

The Exact Relativistic Scalar Quasibound States of The Dyonic Kerr-Sen Black Hole: Quantized Energy, and Hawking Radiation

We consider Klein-Gordon equation in the Dyonic Kerr-Sen black hole background, which is the charged rotating axially symmetric solution of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton-Axion theory of gravity. The black hole incorporates electric, magnetic, dilatonic and axionic charges and is constructed in 3+1 dimensional spacetime. We begin our investigations with the construction of the scalar field's governing equation, i.e., the covariant Klein-Gordon equation. With the help of the ansatz of separation of variables, we successfully separate the polar part, and find the exact solution in terms of Spheroidal Harmonics, while the radial exact solution is obtained in terms of the Confluent Heun function. The quantization of the quasibound state is done by applying the polynomial condition of the Confluent Heun function that gives rise to discrete complex-valued energy levels for massive scalar fields. The real part is the scalar field relativistic quantized energy, while the imaginary part represents the quasibound states's decay. We present all of the sixteen possible exact energy solutions for both massive and massless scalars. We also present the investigation the Hawking radiation of the Dyonic Kerr-Sen black hole's apparent horizon, via the Sigurd-Sannan method by making use of the obtained exact scalar wave functions. The radiation distribution function, and the Hawking temperature are successfully obtained.

gr-qc

The extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om black holes: an exact charged scalar quasiresonance

In this letter, we present a novel exact scalar quasibound states solutions in the extremal Reissner-Norstr\"om black hole background. We start with the construction of the governing covariant relativistic scalar field equation, the Klein-Gordon equation in the extremal Reissner-Norstr\"om black hole background and applying the separation of variables anzat. The exact relativistic scalar wave's angular solution is found in terms of the spherical harmonics while the two independent radial wave solutions are, for the first time, exactly found and presented in terms of the double confluent Heun functions. The solutions are settled in the gravitational potential well and behave like an ingoing waves approaching black hole's horizon, vanishing when approaching infinity. The gravitationally bounded charged massive scalar fields are found to have quantized complex valued energy levels while imaginary energy levels are obtained for the charged massless scalar field, of both cases, indicating decaying states. Further investigation shows that the extreme Reissner-Nordst\"om black hole does not support scalar cloud. And with the help of the obtained exact radial solutions, the Hawking radiation of the extremal Reissner-Nordst\"om black hole is investigated and we find the zero temperature of the black hole's horizon.

gr-qc

Canonical Quantization of Static and Rotating Black Hole as A Gravitational Atom

Gravitational field is usually neglected in calculation of atomic energy levels as its effect is much weaker than the electromagnetic field, but that is not the case for a particle orbiting a black hole. In this work, canonical quantization of a particle under a gravitational field exerted by this tiny but very massive object, both static and rotating-is carried out. By using this method, very rare exact result of the particles quantized energy can be discovered. The presence of a very strong attractive field and the horizon make the energy complex valued and force the corresponding wave function to be a quasi-bound state. Moreover, by taking a small scale limit, the system becomes a gravitational atom in sense that hydrogenic atoms energy levels and wave functions can be recovered. Obtaining these exact solutions for fundamental black holes effectively empowers us to deal with more complex black holes such as cosmological black holes or black hole solutions emerging from modified gravity.

gr-qc

Canonical Quantization of Neutral and Charged Static Black Hole as a Gravitational Atom

The gravitational field is usually neglected in the calculation of atomic energy levels as its effect is much weaker than the electromagnetic field, but that is not the case for a particle orbiting a black hole. In this work, the canonical quantization of a massive and massless particles under gravitational field exerted by this tiny but very massive object, both neutral and charged, is carried out. By using this method, a very rare exact result of the particle's quantized energy can be discovered. The presence of a very strong attractive field and also the horizon make the energy complex valued and force the corresponding wave function to be a quasibound state. Moreover, by taking the small scale limit, the system becomes a gravitational atom in the sense of Hydrogenic atoms energy levels and its wave function can be rediscovered. Moreover, analogous to electronic transitions, the transition of the particle in this case emits a graviton which carries a unique fingerprint of the black hole such as black hole's mass and charge.

gr-qc